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Many people start with TeX because they want to set formulae.Simple math typesetting exists since PlainTeX and these commands work in ConTeXt as in LaTeX.Advanced math was introduced to TeX by AMS (American Mathematical Society); nowadays AMSTeX and LaTeX are united. But how can one use advanced math with ConTeXt?== Introduction ==
* There are two different math modules TeX was designed for ease of typesetting books that contained mathematics. As ConTeXt is built on [http://dante.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/context/contrib/maths/ CTAN]top of TeX, [[Math with nath|nath]] and [[Math with amsl|amsl]]it inherits all those features.* It is also possible In addition to use most [[LaTeX Math in these, ConTeXt|LaTeX equations in ConTeXt]] with a relatively small set adds lot of supporting definitions.* The "native" ConTeXt way macros to make the typesetting of math is [[MathML]], an application of [[XML]] - rather verbose but mighty.* And there's a [[Math with newmat|new math]] module in the distributionmathematics easier.
==Simple Math==There are '''two''' kinds of '''math modes''' --- '''inline math and display math'''. Mathematical expressions that are written with the running text are called inline math; while mathematical expressions that break the flow of the text (such as formulas or equations) are called display math. TeX takes care of proper spacing around expressions and provides macros to typeset most mathematical constructs.Complicated expressions can be built by working in steps---break down the expression into sub-expressions, build the sub-expressions and then combine them to get the complicated expression.
ConTeXt supports inline math (mathematical formulas set within ordinary paragraphs as part The basics of the text) and display math (mathematics set on lines by themselves, often with equation numbers). Inline typesetting math is enclosed in "$" signs, while display math ConTeXt is enclosed in a <cmd>startformula</cmd> / <cmd>stopformula</cmd> pairexplained here.
<texcode>Inline === Display math is set as $c^2 mode == a^2 + b^2$, and display math as\placeformula\startformulac^2 = a^2 + b^2.\stopformula</texcode>
This, when typeset, produces the following:Type {{cmd|startformula}} to get display math mode.
<contextsource="yes">Inline math The famous result (once more) is set as $c^2 = a^2 + b^2$, and display math as\placeformulagiven by
\startformula
c^2 = a^2 + b^2.
</context>
The <cmd>placeformula</cmd> command is optional, and produces the equation number; leaving it off produces an unnumbered equation.=== Inline math mode ===
ConTeXt's base mathematics support is built on the mathematics support in plain TeX, thus allowing quite complicated formulas. (There are also some additional macros, such as the <cmd>text</cmd> command for text-four equivalent commands to get inline math mode notes within math.) For instance:<texcode>A more complicated equation:\placeformula\startformula{{\theta_{\text{ConTeXtcmd|$}}}^2 \over x+2} = \pmatrix, {a_{11cmd|m}&a_{12}&\ldots&a_, {1n}\cr a_{21cmd|math}&a_{22}&\ldots&a_, {2n}\cr \vdots&\vdots&\ddots&\vdots\cr a_{n1cmd|mathematics}&a_{n2}&\ldots&a_{nn}\cr} \pmatrix{b_1 \cr b_2 \cr \vdots \cr b_n} + \sum_{j=1}^\infty z^j \left( \sum_{\scriptstyle n=1 \atop \scriptstyle n \ne j}^\infty Z_j^n \right)\stopformula</texcode>to get display inline math mode.
which produces<contextsource="yes">A more complicated equation:\placeformulaframed[align=normal,frame=off]{%The famous result (once more) is given by $ c^2 = a^2 + b^2 $.\startformulapar % TeX style.{{The famous result (once more) is given by \theta_m{\text{ConTeXt}}}c^2 = a^2 \over x+b^2} = \pmatrix{a_{11}&a_{12}&.\ldots&a_{1n}\crpar a_{21}&a_{22}&The famous result (once more) is given by \ldots&a_math{2n}\cr \vdots&\vdots&\ddots&\vdots\cr a_{n1}&a_{n2}&\ldots&a_{nn}\cr} \pmatrix{b_1 \cr b_2 \cr \vdots \cr b_n} c^2 = a^2 + \sum_{j=1b^2}^.\infty z^jpar \leftThe famous result ( once more) is given by \sum_mathematics{\scriptstyle nc^2 =1 \atop \scriptstyle n \ne j}a^\infty Z_j2 + b^n \right)\stopformula2}.}
</context>
[http://www=== Note to Plain TeX Users ===ConTeXt is plain TeX compatible. So, if you have any old document written in plain TeX, it will work with ConTeXt. This does not mean that you will get pixel by pixel identical output with ConTeXt. For inline math, everything that you learnt for plain TeX is also true for ConTeXt. However, display math is significantly different. '''Do not use <code>$$ ...ntg.nl:8061$$</texmathcode>''' to write display math formulas in ConTeXt, since you will not get the correct spacing around the formulas.pdf Here] you can try it "live" (PDF interface!)Instead use {{cmd|startformula}} and <tt>\stopformula</tt>.
See [[MathAlignmentMath/Display]] is covered for more details on a separate pagehow to use display math in ConTeXt.
==Formula Numbering=Note to AMSTeX/LaTeX Users ===ConTeXt offers almost all the features that are present in AMSTeX and LaTeX. However, ConTeXt syntax is different. See this [http://dl.contextgarden.net/myway/context-latex-math.pdf My Way] for how to 'translate' from amsmath syntax to ConTeXt syntax. [[LaTeX_Math_in_ConTeXt]] gives some brief ideas on how to get the LaTeX syntax to run in ConTeXt.
As mentioned above== Math symbols ==* [[Math/basic | How to input math]] (binary relations, greek letters, subscripts and superscripts)* Accents* [[Math/stackers | underbrace]], formulas can be numbered using the <cmd>placeformula<[[Math/stackers | overbrace]]* [[Math/cmd> commandfractions | Fractions, Binomials, genfrac, continued fractions. This ]]* Delimiters (big, bigg, left, middle, right)* Integrals and the related <cmd>placesubformula<Sums* ([[Math/functions|Log like]]) functions* dots* [[Multiline_equations#Cases|Cases]], matrices, bordermatrix* Arrows (see [http://dl.contextgarden.net/cmd> command have an optional argument which can be used to produce sub-formula numberingmyway/matharrows. For example:pdf Math Arrows])* [[Vectors]]* [[Product integral]]
<texcode>== Display Math ==Examples* [[Math/Display | Formula, formula number]]* [[Multiline equations]] (see [http://dl.contextgarden.net/myway/mathalign.pdf Using \mathalign and friends])\placeformula{a}* [[Equation alignment]]\startformula* [[Matrix in maths]]c^2 = a^2 + b^2* [[Math spacing]]\stopformula* Discussion: [[User_talk:Zenlima | summary of formula numbering problems]] (comment: unverified)
\placesubformula{b}
\startformula
c^2 = a^2 + b^2
\stopformula
</texcode>
<context>ExamplesOthers:\placeformula{a}\startformula* [[math calligraphic]]c^2 = a^2 + b^2* Use [[mathstackers]] in order to define new math commands in which some characters are stacked over another one* [[\stopformulastartcases]]
\placesubformula{b}\startformulac^2 = a^2 + b^2\stopformula</context>= Plotting==
What's going on here is simpler than it might appear at first glance. Both <cmd>placeformula</cmd> and <cmd>placesubformula</cmd> produce equation numbers * Data plotting with the optional tag added at the end; the sole difference is that the former increments the equation number first, while the latter does not (and thus can be used for the second and subsequent formulas that use the same formula number but presumably have different tags).[[MPgraph|module graph]]
This is sufficient for cases where the standard ConTeXt equation numbers suffice, and where only one equation number is needed per formula. However, there are many cases where this is insufficient, and <cmd>placeformula</cmd> defines <cmd>formulanumber</cmd> and <cmd>subformulanumber</cmd> commands, which provide hooks to allow the use of ConTeXt-managed formula numbers with plain TeX equation numbering. These, when used within a formula, simply return the formula number in properly formatted form, as can be seen in this simple example with plain TeX's <cmd>eqno</cmd>. Note that the optional tag is inherited from <cmd>placeformula</cmd>.
<texcode>More examples:\placeformula{c}\startformula\let\doplaceformulanumber\emptyc^2 = a^2 + b^2 \eqno{\formulanumber}\stopformula</texcode>=Math Fonts==
<context>More examples:\placeformula{c}\startformula\let\doplaceformulanumber\emptyc^2 = a^2 + b^2 \eqno{\formulanumber}\stopformula</context>''See [[Math fonts]]'' for the main article about this subject.
Normally, using <cmd>formulanumber<== Other Methods ==* There are two different math modules on [http://dante.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/context/contrib/maths/cmd> will turn off ConTeXt's automatic formula number placementCTAN], [[Math with nath|nath]] and so [[Math with amsl|amsl]]. And there will be no interference between the two; however, in this case, it doesn't, and we must turn it off manually s a [[Math with newmat|new math]] module in the <tt>\let\doplaceformulanumber\empty</tt> linedistribution. (The <cmd>placeformula</cmd> command * Context now has inbuilt support for [[Multiline equations]]* It is still required, however, also possible to use most [[LaTeX Math in ConTeXt|LaTeX equations in ConTeXt]] with a relatively small set up the numberingof supporting definitions.) For more control over sub-formula numbering* The "native" ConTeXt way of math is [[MathML]], <cmd>formulanumber</cmd> and <cmd>subformulanumber</cmd> have an optional argument parallel to that application of <cmd>placeformula</cmd>, as demonstrated in this use of plain TeX's <cmd>eqalignno</cmd>, which places multiple equation numbers within one formula[[XML]] - rather verbose but mighty.
<texcode>==Science==Yet more examples:* Esp. for physics there’s the [[Units]] module.\placeformula* Additions to [[MathML]] are PhysML and ChemML.\startformula* [[Chemistry]]\eqalignno{c^2 &= * There's a^2 + b^2 &\formulanumber{a} \cr a^2 + b^2 &= c^2 &\subformulanumber{b} \cr d^2 &= e^2 &\formulanumber\cr}\stopformula</texcode>module for chemical structure formulae: [[Chemistry|PPCHTeX]] (works also with LaTeX).
<context>Yet more examples:\placeformula==Number Formatting==\startformula\eqalignno{c^2 &= There's a^2 + b^2 &\formulanumberspecial command, {a} \cr a^2 + b^2 &= c^2 &\subformulanumber{bcmd|digits} \cr d^2 &= e^2 &\formulanumber\cr}\stopformula<, with its own manual about formatting numbers, see [http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/magazines/context>mag-0003.pdf Pasting digits together]
Note that both <cmd>formulanumber</cmd> and <cmd>subformulanumber</cmd> can be used within the same formula, and the formula number is incremented as expected==Evaluating expressions in ConTeXt==(i. Also, if an optional argument is specified in both <cmd>placefigure</cmd> and <cmd>formulanumber</cmd>, the latter takes precedencee. ''doing'' math)* See also [[Expressions]].
=Other =Number Formatting==There's a special command, <cmd>digits</cmd>, and a own manual about formatting numbers, see [http://www.pragma-ade.com/general/magazines/mag-0003.pdf Pasting digits together]
==Math * [https://meeting.contextgarden.net/2008/talks/2008-08-24-aditya-display-math/presentation.pdf Aditya Mahajan 2008 presentation]* [Fonts]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WuRa4cnXK-I TUG 2022 — Mikael P. Sundqvist — Pushing math forward with luametatex and ConTeXt]==** [[Bold Math]https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb43-2/tb134hagen-math.pdf first article (TUGboat, Volume 43 (2022), No. 2)]** [httphttps://homepage.mactug.comorg/atlTUGboat/textb43-3/EulerContexttb135hagen-mathchange.pdf Euler in ConTeXt second article (TUGboat, Volume 43 (using Euler math font2022), No. 2)] by Adam Lindsay
==Science==* Esp. for physics there’s the [[units]] module.* Additions to [[MathML]] are PhysML and ChemML.* [[Chemistry]]* There's a module for chemical structure formulaeCategory: [[Chemistry|PPCHTeX]] (works also with LaTeX). It's based on [[Metapost]] and [[MetaFunMath]].