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Many people start with TeX because they want to set formulae.Simple math typesetting exists since PlainTeX and these commands work in ConTeXt as in LaTeX.Advanced math was introduced to TeX by AMS (American Mathematical Society); nowadays AMSTeX and LaTeX are united. But how can one use advanced math with ConTeXt?== Introduction ==
* There are two different math modules TeX was designed for ease of typesetting books that contained mathematics. As ConTeXt is built on [http://dante.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/context/contrib/maths/ CTAN]top of TeX, [[Math with nath|nath]] and [[Math with amsl|amsl]]it inherits all those features.* It is also possible In addition to use most [[LaTeX Math in these, ConTeXt|LaTeX equations in ConTeXt]] with a relatively small set adds lot of supporting definitions.* The "native" ConTeXt way macros to make the typesetting of math is [[MathML]], an application of [[XML]] - rather verbose but mighty.* And there's a [[Math with newmat|new math]] module in the distributionmathematics easier.
==Simple Math==There are '''two''' kinds of '''math modes''' --- '''inline math and display math'''. Mathematical expressions that are written with the running text are called inline math; while mathematical expressions that break the flow of the text (such as formulas or equations) are called display math. TeX takes care of proper spacing around expressions and provides macros to typeset most mathematical constructs.Complicated expressions can be built by working in steps---break down the expression into sub-expressions, build the sub-expressions and then combine them to get the complicated expression.
ConTeXt supports inline math (mathematical formulas set within ordinary paragraphs as part The basics of the text) and display math (mathematics set on lines by themselves, often with equation numbers). Inline typesetting math is enclosed in "$" signs, while display math ConTeXt is enclosed in a <cmd>startformula</cmd> / <cmd>stopformula</cmd> pairexplained here.
<texcode>Inline === Display math is set as $c^2 mode == a^2 + b^2$, and display math as\placeformula\startformulac^2 = a^2 + b^2.\stopformula</texcode>
This, when typeset, produces the following:Type {{cmd|startformula}} to get display math mode.
<contextsource="yes">\setuplayout[scale=0.8,width=13cm]Inline math The famous result (once more) is set as $c^2 = a^2 + b^2$, and display math as\placeformulagiven by
\startformula
c^2 = a^2 + b^2.
</context>
The <cmd>placeformula</cmd> command is optional, and produces the equation number; leaving it off produces an unnumbered equation. ConTeXt's base mathematics support is built on the mathematics support in plain TeX, thus allowing quite complicated formulas. (There are also some additional macros, such as the <cmd>text</cmd> command for text-=== Inline math mode notes within math.) For instance:<texcode>A more complicated equation:\placeformula\startformula{{\theta_{\text{\CONTEXT}}}^2 \over x+2} = \pmatrix{a_{11}&a_{12}&\ldots&a_{1n}\cr a_{21}&a_{22}&\ldots&a_{2n}\cr \vdots&\vdots&\ddots&\vdots\cr a_{n1}&a_{n2}&\ldots&a_{nn}\cr} \pmatrix{b_1 \cr b_2 \cr \vdots \cr b_n} + \sum_{j=1}^\infty z^j \left( \sum_{\scriptstyle n=1 \atop \scriptstyle n \ne j}^\infty Z_j^n \right)\stopformula</texcode>
which producesThere are four equivalent commands to get inline math mode: {{cmd|$}}, {{cmd|m}}, {{cmd|math}}, {{cmd|mathematics}} to get display inline math mode.
<contextsource="yes">\setuplayoutframed[scalealign=0.8normal,widthframe=13cmoff]{%A The famous result (once more complicated equation:) is given by $ c^2 = a^2 + b^2 $.\placeformulapar % TeX style.The famous result (once more) is given by \startformulam{{\theta_{\text{\CONTEXT}}}c^2 = a^2 \over x+b^2} = \pmatrix{a_{11}&a_{12}&\ldots&a_{1n}.\crpar a_{21}&a_{22}&The famous result (once more) is given by \ldots&a_math{2n}\cr \vdots&\vdots&\ddots&\vdots\cr a_{n1}&a_{n2}&\ldots&a_{nn}\cr} \pmatrix{b_1 \cr b_2 \cr \vdots \cr b_n} c^2 = a^2 + \sum_{j=1b^2}^.\infty z^jpar \leftThe famous result ( once more) is given by \sum_mathematics{\scriptstyle nc^2 =1 \atop \scriptstyle n \ne j}a^\infty Z_j2 + b^n \right)\stopformula2}.}
</context>
[http://www=== Note to Plain TeX Users ===ConTeXt is plain TeX compatible.pragma-adeSo, if you have any old document written in plain TeX, it will work with ConTeXt.com/texmathThis does not mean that you will get pixel by pixel identical output with ConTeXt.html Here] For inline math, everything that you can try it "live" (learnt for plain TeX is also true for ConTeXt. However, display math is significantly different. '''Do not use <code>$$ .... $$</code>''' to write display math formulas in ConTeXt, since you must go to [http://www.pragma-adewill not get the correct spacing around the formulas.comInstead use {{cmd|startformula}} and <tt>\stopformula</exalogin login] first)tt>.
See [[MathAlignmentMath/Display]] is covered for more details on a separate pagehow to use display math in ConTeXt.
==Formula Numbering=Note to AMSTeX/LaTeX Users ===ConTeXt offers almost all the features that are present in AMSTeX and LaTeX. However, ConTeXt syntax is different. See this [http://dl.contextgarden.net/myway/context-latex-math.pdf My Way] for how to 'translate' from amsmath syntax to ConTeXt syntax. [[LaTeX_Math_in_ConTeXt]] gives some brief ideas on how to get the LaTeX syntax to run in ConTeXt.
As mentioned above== Math symbols ==* [[Math/basic | How to input math]] (binary relations, greek letters, subscripts and superscripts)* Accents* [[Math/stackers | underbrace]], formulas can be numbered using the <cmd>placeformula<[[Math/stackers | overbrace]]* [[Math/cmd> commandfractions | Fractions, Binomials, genfrac, continued fractions. This ]]* Delimiters (big, bigg, left, middle, right)* Integrals and the related <cmd>placesubformula<Sums* ([[Math/functions|Log like]]) functions* dots* [[Multiline_equations#Cases|Cases]], matrices, bordermatrix* Arrows (see [http://dl.contextgarden.net/cmd> command have an optional argument which can be used to produce sub-formula numberingmyway/matharrows. For example:pdf Math Arrows])* [[Vectors]]* [[Product integral]]
<texcode>== Display Math ==Examples* [[Math/Display | Formula, formula number]]* [[Multiline equations]] (see [http://dl.contextgarden.net/myway/mathalign.pdf Using \mathalign and friends])\placeformula{a}* [[Equation alignment]]\startformula* [[Matrix in maths]]c^2 = a^2 + b^2* [[Math spacing]]\stopformula* Discussion: [[User_talk:Zenlima | summary of formula numbering problems]] (comment: unverified)
\placesubformula{b}
\startformula
c^2 = a^2 + b^2
\stopformula
</texcode>
<context>ExamplesOthers:\placeformula{a}\startformula* [[math calligraphic]]c^2 = a^2 + b^2* Use [[mathstackers]] in order to define new math commands in which some characters are stacked over another one* [[\stopformulastartcases]]
\placesubformula{b}\startformulac^2 = a^2 + b^2\stopformula</context>= Plotting==
What's going on here is simpler than it might appear at first glance. Both <cmd>placeformula</cmd> and <cmd>placesubformula</cmd> produce equation numbers * Data plotting with the optional tag added at the end; the sole difference is that the former increments the equation number first, while the latter does not (and thus can be used for the second and subsequent formulas that use the same formula number but presumably have different tags).[[MPgraph|module graph]]
This is sufficient for cases where the standard ConTeXt equation numbers suffice, and where only one equation number is needed per formula. However, there are many cases where this is insufficient, and <cmd>placeformula</cmd> defines <cmd>formulanumber</cmd> and <cmd>subformulanumber</cmd> commands, which provide hooks to allow the use of ConTeXt-managed formula numbers with plain TeX equation numbering. These, when used within a formula, simply return the formula number in properly formatted form, as can be seen in this simple example with plain TeX's <cmd>eqno</cmd>. Note that the optional tag is inherited from <cmd>placeformula</cmd>.
<texcode>More examples:\placeformula{c}\startformula\let\doplaceformulanumber\emptyc^2 = a^2 + b^2 \eqno{\formulanumber}\stopformula</texcode>=Math Fonts==
<context>More examples:\placeformula{c}\startformula\let\doplaceformulanumber\emptyc^2 = a^2 + b^2 \eqno{\formulanumber}\stopformula</context>''See [[Math fonts]]'' for the main article about this subject.
In order for this to work properly== Other Methods ==* There are two different math modules on [http://dante.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/context/contrib/maths/ CTAN], we need to turn off ConTeXt[[Math with nath|nath]] and [[Math with amsl|amsl]]. And there's automatic formula number placement; thus a [[Math with newmat|new math]] module in the <cmd>let</cmd> command distribution.* Context now has inbuilt support for [[Multiline equations]]* It is also possible to empty <cmd>doplaceformulanumber</cmd>, which must be placed <em>after</em> the start use most [[LaTeX Math in ConTeXt|LaTeX equations in ConTeXt]] with a relatively small set of the formulasupporting definitions. In many practical examples* The "native" ConTeXt way of math is [[MathML]], however, this is not necessary; ConTeXt redefines <cmd>displaylines</cmd> and <cmd>eqalignno</cmd> to do this automaticallyan application of [[XML]] - rather verbose but mighty.
For more control over sub-formula numbering, <cmd>formulanumber</cmd> ==Science==* Esp. for physics there’s the [[Units]] module.* Additions to [[MathML]] are PhysML and <cmd>subformulanumber</cmd> have an optional argument parallel to that of <cmd>placeformula</cmd>, as demonstrated in this use of plain TeXChemML.* [[Chemistry]]* There's <cmd>eqalignno</cmd>, which places multiple equation numbers within one formulaa module for chemical structure formulae: [[Chemistry|PPCHTeX]] (works also with LaTeX).
<texcode>Yet more examples:\placeformula\startformula\eqalignno{c^2 &= a^2 + b^2 &\formulanumber{a} \cr a^2 + b^2 &= c^2 &\subformulanumber{b} \cr d^2 &Number Formatting== e^2 &\formulanumber\cr}\stopformula</texcode> <context>Yet more examples:\placeformula\startformula\eqalignno{c^2 &= There's a^2 + b^2 &\formulanumberspecial command, {a} \cr a^2 + b^2 &= c^2 &\subformulanumber{bcmd|digits} \cr d^2 &= e^2 &\formulanumber\cr}\stopformula</context> Note that both <cmd>formulanumber</cmd> and <cmd>subformulanumber</cmd> can be used within the same formula, and the formula number is incremented as expected. Alsowith its own manual about formatting numbers, if an optional argument is specified in both <cmd>placefigure<see [http:/cmd> and <cmd>formulanumber</cmd>, the latter takes precedencewww. pragma---- <texcode>More examples for left-located equation number:\setupformulas[location=left]\placeformula{d}\startformula\let\doplaceformulanumber\emptyc^2 = a^2 + b^2 \leqno{\formulanumber}\stopformulaand\placeformula\startformula\leqalignno{c^2 &= a^2 + b^2 &\formulanumber{a} \cr a^2 + b^2 &= c^2 &\subformulanumber{b} \cr d^2 &= e^2 &\formulanumber\cr}\stopformula<ade.nl/general/magazines/texcode> <context>More examples for leftmag-located equation number:\setupformulas[location=left0003.pdf Pasting digits together]\placeformula{d}\startformula\let\doplaceformulanumber\emptyc^2 = a^2 + b^2 \leqno{\formulanumber}\stopformulaand\placeformula\startformula\leqalignno{c^2 &= a^2 + b^2 &\formulanumber{a} \cr a^2 + b^2 &= c^2 &\subformulanumber{b} \cr d^2 &= e^2 &\formulanumber\cr}\stopformula</context> -- 23:46, 15 Aug 2005 (CEST) Prinse Wang
==Number FormattingEvaluating expressions in ConTeXt==There(i.e. ''doing's a special command, <cmd>digits</cmd>, and a own manual about formatting numbers, see ' math)* See also [[http://www.pragma-adeExpressions]].com/general/magazines/mag-0003.pdf Pasting digits together]
=Other =Math [[Fonts]]==* [[Bold Math]]* [http://homepage.mac.com/atl/tex/EulerContext.pdf Euler in ConTeXt (using Euler math font)] by Adam Lindsay
==Science==* Esp[https://meeting.contextgarden.net/2008/talks/2008-08-24-aditya-display-math/presentation. for physics there’s the [[units]pdf Aditya Mahajan 2008 presentation] module.* Additions to [[MathML]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WuRa4cnXK-I TUG 2022 — Mikael P. Sundqvist — Pushing math forward with luametatex and ConTeXt] are PhysML and ChemML.** [[Chemistry]https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb43-2/tb134hagen-math.pdf first article (TUGboat, Volume 43 (2022), No. 2)]* There's a module for chemical structure formulae* [https: [[Chemistry|PPCHTeX]] //tug.org/TUGboat/tb43-3/tb135hagen-mathchange.pdf second article (TUGboat, Volume 43 (works also with LaTeX2022), No.2)]
[[Category:Math]]