< [[Main Page]] | [[Math with newmat]] | [[MathML]] > == Introduction ==
TeX was designed for ease of typesetting books that contained mathematics. As ConTeXt is built on top of TeX, it inherits all those features. In addition to these, ConTeXt adds lot of macros to make the typesetting of mathematics easier.
==Simple Math==There are '''two''' kinds of '''math modes''' --- '''inline math and display math'''. Mathematical expressions that are written with the running text are called inline math; while mathematical expressions that break the flow of the text (such as formulas or equations) are called display math. TeX takes care of proper spacing around expressions and provides macros to typeset most mathematical constructs.Complicated expressions can be built by working in steps---break down the expression into sub-expressions, build the sub-expressions and then combine them to get the complicated expression.
Typesetting mathematics can be divided into two parts, '''inline''' math (mathematical formulas set within ordinary paragraphs as part The basics of the text) and '''display''' typesetting math mathematics set on lines by themselves, often with equation numbers). Inline math consists of maths that in ConTeXt is typed in a sentenceexplained here. For example
<context>\setuplayout[scale=0.8,width=13cm]Pythagoras formula, stating \mathematics{a^2 + b^2 Display math mode == c^2} was one of the first trignometric results</context>
There are two ways of typing inline Type {{cmd|startformula}} to get display math. The TeX was is mode, or {{cmd|dm}} to surround what you want to type within <code>$</code>get a inline typesetting but keeping display sizing and rules...<code>$</code>. Thus, the above will be typed as<texcode>Pythagoras formula, stating $a^2 + b^2 = c^2$ was one of the first trignometric results</texcode>
ConTeXt also provides an alternative way of typing the same result. Instead of dollars, you can write the material for maths inside <comd>\mathematics</cmd>. Thus, an alternate way to type the above is,<texcode>Pythagoras formula, stating \mathematics{a^2 + b^2 context source= c^2} was one of the first trignometric results</texcode> Choose the method that suits your style. (I do not know if there are pros and cons of $..$ vs \mathematics{}. If someone knows, then please elaborate -- aditya ) Display math is enclosed in a <cmd>startformula</cmd> / <cmd>stopformula</cmd> pair. Thus <texcode"yes">
The famous result (once more) is given by
\startformula
c^2 = a^2 + b^2.
\stopformula
</texcode>
This, when typeset, produces the following: <context>\setuplayout[scale=0.8,width=13cm]The famous result (once more) is given by\startformuladm{c^2 = a^2 + b^2.\stopformula}
</context>
== Numbering Formula Inline math mode == ConTeXt provides an easy way to number the display maths equations. Simply, put <cmd>placeformula</cmd> before <cmd>startformula</cmd> / <cmd>stopformula</cmd> pair and you will get numbered equations. Thus,<texcode>The famous result (once more) is given by\placeformula\startformulac^2 = a^2 + b^2.\stopformula</texcode>
ThisThere are four equivalent commands to get inline math mode: {{cmd|$}}, when typeset{{cmd|m}}, produces the following:{{cmd|math}}, {{cmd|mathematics}} to get display inline math mode.
<contextsource="yes">\setuplayoutframed[scalealign=0.8normal,widthframe=13cmoff]{%The famous result (once more) is given by$ c^2 = a^2 + b^2 $.\par % TeX style.The famous result (once more) is given by \placeformulam{c^2 = a^2 + b^2}.\par The famous result (once more) is given by \startformulamath{c^2 = a^2 + b^2}.\par The famous result (once more) is given by \stopformulamathematics{c^2 = a^2 + b^2}.}
</context>
The <cmd>placeformula</cmd> command is optional, and produces the equation number; leaving it off produces an unnumbered equation.
For examples<code>$x$</code> gives <context>\setuplayout[scale=0.8]$x$</context>, while<code>$2$</code> gives <context>\setuplayout[scale= Not so Simple Maths ==0.8]$2$</context>.Notice that the ''x'' is in italic while the ''2'' is upright. This is the usual mathematic convention.
ConTeXt's base mathematics support is built on the mathematics support in plain TeX= Formula, thus allowing quite complicated formulas. (There are also some additional macrosformulae, such as the <cmd>text</cmd> command for text-mode notes within math.) For instance:<texcode>A more complicated equation:\placeformula\startformula{{\theta_{\text{\CONTEXT}}}^2 \over x+2} = \pmatrix{a_{11}&a_{12}&\ldots&a_{1n}\cr a_{21}&a_{22}&\ldots&a_{2n}\cr \vdots&\vdots&\ddots&\vdots\cr a_{n1}&a_{n2}&\ldots&a_{nn}\cr} \pmatrix{b_1 \cr b_2 \cr \vdots \cr b_n} + \sum_{j=1}^\infty z^j \left( \sum_{\scriptstyle nequations =1 \atop \scriptstyle n \ne j}^\infty Z_j^n \right)\stopformula</texcode>
which produces* '''[[Math/Display | Math display]]'''** numbering** referencing** sub-formulae** list of Formulae** formating* '''[[Math/Multiline_equations | Multiline equations]]'''** alignment** number of columns** equation numbering and sub-numbering (very similar to above)** formating, specifying and defining alignment** cases* '''[[Math/Matrices| Matrices]]'''** definition** delimiters** block matrices and vertical/ horizontal lines** border matrices
<context>\setuplayout[scale=0.8,widthTypesetting Math =13cm]A more complicated equation:\placeformula\startformula{{\theta_{\text{\CONTEXT}}}^2 \over x+2} = \pmatrix{a_{11}&a_{12}&\ldots&a_{1n}\cr a_{21}&a_{22}&\ldots&a_{2n}\cr \vdots&\vdots&\ddots&\vdots\cr a_{n1}&a_{n2}&\ldots&a_{nn}\cr} \pmatrix{b_1 \cr b_2 \cr \vdots \cr b_n} + \sum_{j=1}^\infty z^j \left( \sum_{\scriptstyle n=1 \atop \scriptstyle n \ne j}^\infty Z_j^n \right)\stopformula</context>
* '''[[Math/basic | Math glyphs]]'''** Binary Operators Relations** Sums, products and integrals. A specific page is for [[Product integral]]** Greek Letters** Subscript and superscript** List of all math macros* '''[[Math/functions]]''' (typesetting of usual functions, and defining new ones)* '''[[Math/Vectors]]'''* '''[[Math/stackers]]'''** how to stack some characters over another one (and accent)** underbrace and overbrace* '''[[Math/Fonts]]''' ** [[math calligraphic]] seems to be old content* '''[[Math/fractions | Math/Fractions and binomials]]'''* '''[[Math/Delimiters]]'''* '''Formatting numbers with {{cmd|digits}}''', and its manual <i>[http://www.pragma-ade.comnl/general/texmathmagazines/mag-0003.html Herepdf Pasting digits together (2003)] you can try it "live" (you must go to </i>. Don't forget the [http://www.pragma-ade.comnl/exalogin logingeneral/manuals/units-mkiv.pdf Units manual (2020)] first).
[[MathAlignment]] is covered on a separate page.= Plotting =
* [http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/manuals/luametafun.pdf LuaMetafun manual] (2021)** [http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/manuals/luametafun.pdf#page=30 Contours]** [http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/manuals/luametafun.pdf#page=41 Surfaces]** [http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/manuals/luametafun.pdf#page=Sub44 Meshes]** [http://www.pragma-Formula Numberingade.nl/general/manuals/luametafun.pdf#page=48 Functions]** [http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/manuals/luametafun.pdf#page=54 Charts]* [https://akela.mendelu.cz/~thala/statcharts/ The New (2020) graph module]** with its dedicated [https://akela.mendelu.cz/~thala/statcharts/statistical-charts.pdf manual "Drawing Statistical Charts"]** and a [https://meeting.contextgarden.net/2020/talks/2020-09-11-tamara-and-adriana-statistical-charts/AK-TK_charts.pdf short presentation]* Data plotting with [[MPgraph|module graph]].* Some alternatives:** [[TikZ]] (2016)** [[Gnuplot]] (2012)** [[Pgfplot]] (2009).
As mentioned above, formulas can be numbered using the <cmd>placeformula</cmd> command. This (and the related <cmd>placesubformula</cmd> command have an optional argument which can be used to produce sub-formula numbering. For example:= Key links =
<texcode>
Examples:
\placeformula{a}
\startformula
c^2 = a^2 + b^2
\stopformula
\placesubformula{b}* '''[http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/manuals/math-mkiv.pdf <i>Math rendering</i>] manual (2018)'''* '''from Mikael P. Sundqvist'''** 2022 — TUG — <i>Pushing math forward with luametatex and ConTeXt</i>*** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WuRa4cnXK-I video] \startformula*** [https://tug.org/tug2022/assets/served/Mikael_P._Sundqvist-TUG2022-sundqvist-lmtx-math-slides.pdf slides]c^*** [https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb43-2 = a^/tb134hagen-math.pdf article] (TUGboat, Volume 43 (2022), No. 2 + b^)** [https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb43-3/tb135hagen-mathchange.pdf 2022 — TUG — <i>New directions in math fonts</i> (TUGboat, Volume 43 (2022), No. 2)] .* '''from Aditya Mahajan'''** [https://wiki.contextgarden.net/images/archive/b/b4/20100530075041!Mathalign.pdf 2010 - <i>Using \stopformulastartalign and friends</i>] (My Way article)** [https://meeting.contextgarden.net/2008/talks/2008-08-24-aditya-display-math/presentation.pdf 2008 - <i>Display Math in Formula - Where is it and where can it go</i>] (presentation)** [https://www.ntg.nl/maps/34/06.pdf 2006 - <i>Display Math in ConTeXt</texcodei>, MAPS <b>34</b>, 22–34.], ConTEXt rehab for amsmath addicts (article)
<context>\setuplayout[scale=0.8,widthNotes =8cm]Examples:\placeformula{a}\startformulac^2 = a^2 + b^2\stopformula
\placesubformula{b}\startformulac^2 = a^2 + b^2\stopformula=Evaluating expressions in ConTeXt==</context>See also [[Expressions]] (i.e. ''doing'' math).
What's going on here == Note to Plain TeX Users ==ConTeXt is simpler than plain TeX compatible. So, if you have any old document written in plain TeX, it might appear at first glancewill work with ConTeXt. This does not mean that you will get pixel by pixel identical output with ConTeXt. For inline math, everything that you learnt for plain TeX is also true for ConTeXt. Both However, display math is significantly different. '''Do not use <cmdcode>placeformula$$ .... $$</code>''' to write display math formulas in ConTeXt, since you will not get the correct spacing around the formulas. Instead use {{cmd> |startformula}} and <cmdtt>placesubformula\stopformula</cmdtt> produce equation numbers with the optional tag added at the end; the sole difference is that the former increments the equation number first, while the latter does not (and thus can be used for the second and subsequent formulas that use the same formula number but presumably have different tags).
This is sufficient for cases where == Note to AMSTeX/LaTeX Users ==ConTeXt offers almost all the standard ConTeXt equation numbers suffice, features that are present in AMSTeX and where only one equation number is needed per formulaLaTeX. However, there are many cases where ConTeXt syntax is different. See this is insufficient, and <cmd>placeformula</cmd> defines <cmd>formulanumber<[http:/cmd> and <cmd>subformulanumber</cmd> commands, which provide hooks to allow the use of ConTeXt-managed formula numbers with plain TeX equation numberingdl. These, when used within a formula, simply return the formula number in properly formatted form, as can be seen in this simple example with plain TeX's <cmd>eqno</cmd>contextgarden. Note that the optional tag is inherited from <cmd>placeformula<net/cmd>. <texcode>More examples:\placeformula{c}\startformula\let\doplaceformulanumber\emptyc^2 = a^2 + b^2 \eqno{\formulanumber}\stopformula<myway/texcode> <context>\setuplayout[scale=0-latex-math.8,width=8cmpdf My Way]More examples:\placeformula{c}\startformula\let\doplaceformulanumber\emptyc^2 = a^2 + b^2 \eqno{\formulanumber}\stopformula</context> In order for this how to work properly, we need to turn off ConTeXt's automatic formula number placement; thus the <cmd>let</cmd> command translate' from amsmath syntax to empty <cmd>doplaceformulanumber</cmd>, which must be placed <em>after</em> the start of the formula. In many practical examples, however, this is not necessary; ConTeXt redefines <cmd>displaylines</cmd> and <cmd>eqalignno</cmd> to do this automaticallysyntax. For more control over sub-formula numbering, <cmd>formulanumber</cmd> and <cmd>subformulanumber</cmd> have an optional argument parallel to that of <cmd>placeformula</cmd>, as demonstrated in this use of plain TeX's <cmd>eqalignno</cmd>, which places multiple equation numbers within one formula. <texcode>Yet more examples:\placeformula\startformula\eqalignno{c^2 &= a^2 + b^2 &\formulanumber{a} \cr a^2 + b^2 &= c^2 &\subformulanumber{b} \cr d^2 &= e^2 &\formulanumber\cr}\stopformula</texcode> <context>\setuplayout[scale=0.8,width=8cm[LaTeX_Math_in_ConTeXt]]Yet more examples:\placeformula\startformula\eqalignno{c^2 &= a^2 + b^2 &\formulanumber{a} \cr a^2 + b^2 &= c^2 &\subformulanumber{b} \cr d^2 &= e^2 &\formulanumber\cr}\stopformula</context> Note that both <cmd>formulanumber</cmd> and <cmd>subformulanumber</cmd> can be used within gives some brief ideas on how to get the same formula, and the formula number is incremented as expected. Also, if an optional argument is specified LaTeX syntax to run in both <cmd>placefigure</cmd> and <cmd>formulanumber</cmd>, the latter takes precedence. ---- <texcode>More examples for left-located equation number:\setupformulas[location=left]\placeformula{d}\startformula\let\doplaceformulanumber\emptyc^2 = a^2 + b^2 \leqno{\formulanumber}\stopformulaand\placeformula\startformula\leqalignno{c^2 &= a^2 + b^2 &\formulanumber{a} \cr a^2 + b^2 &= c^2 &\subformulanumber{b} \cr d^2 &= e^2 &\formulanumber\cr}\stopformula</texcode> <context>\setuplayout[scale=0ConTeXt.8,width=8cm]More examples for left-located equation number:\setupformulas[location=left]\placeformula{d}\startformula\let\doplaceformulanumber\emptyc^2 = a^2 + b^2 \leqno{\formulanumber}\stopformulaand\placeformula\startformula\leqalignno{c^2 &= a^2 + b^2 &\formulanumber{a} \cr a^2 + b^2 &= c^2 &\subformulanumber{b} \cr d^2 &= e^2 &\formulanumber\cr}\stopformula</context> -- 23:46, 15 Aug 2005 (CEST) Prinse Wang
== Other Methods ==
* The "native" ConTeXt way of math is [[MathML]], an application of [[XML]] - rather verbose but mighty.* There are two different math modules on [http://dante.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/context/contrib/maths/ CTAN], [[Math with nath|nath]] and [[Math with amsl|amsl]]. And there's a [[Math with newmat|new math module]] in the distribution.
* It is also possible to use most [[LaTeX Math in ConTeXt|LaTeX equations in ConTeXt]] with a relatively small set of supporting definitions.
* The "native" ConTeXt way of math is [[MathML]], an application of [[XML]] - rather verbose but mighty.
* And there's a [[Math with newmat|new math]] module in the distribution.
==Number Formatting==
There's a special command, <cmd>digits</cmd>, and a own manual about formatting numbers, see [http://www.pragma-ade.com/general/magazines/mag-0003.pdf Pasting digits together]
==Math [[Fonts]]==
* [[Bold Math]]
* [http://homepage.mac.com/atl/tex/EulerContext.pdf Euler in ConTeXt (using Euler math font)] by Adam Lindsay
==ScienceTo do ==* Esp. for physics there’s the [[units]] module.dots* Additions to Arrows (see [[MathML]] are PhysML and ChemMLhttp://dl.contextgarden.net/myway/matharrows.* [[Chemistry]pdf Math Arrows]) broken link* There's a module for chemical structure formulae: [[Chemistry{{todo|PPCHTeX]] (works also with LaTeX).}}
[[Category:Math]]