< [[Main Page]] | [[Math with newmat]] | [[MathML]] | [[Math_structures]]> == Introduction ==
TeX was designed for ease of typesetting books that contained mathematics. As ConTeXt is built on top of TeX, it inherits all those features. In addition to these, ConTeXt adds lot of macros to make the typesetting of mathematics easier.
For typesetting of mathematics follows different rules than that of normal text, TeX uses something called "math mode" where some characters get a different meaning to enable a simple syntax for complicated formulas. ==Simple Math== Typesetting mathematics can be divided into There are '''two parts, '''inlinekinds of ''' math (mathematical formulas set within ordinary paragraphs as part of the text) and modes''' --- '''inline math and displaymath''' math mathematics set on lines by themselves, often . Mathematical expressions that are written with equation numbers). Inline the running text are called inline math consists of maths ; while mathematical expressions that is typed in a sentence. For example <context>\setuplayout[scale=0.8,width=13cm]Pythagoras formula, stating \mathematics{a^2 + b^2 = c^2} was one break the flow of the first trignometric results</context> There text (such as formulas or equations) are two ways of typing inline called display math. The TeX way is takes care of proper spacing around expressions and provides macros to surround what you want to type within <code>$</code>typeset most mathematical constructs...<code>$</code>. ThusComplicated expressions can be built by working in steps---break down the expression into sub-expressions, build the above will be typed as<texcode>Pythagoras formula, stating $a^2 + b^2 = c^2$ was one of sub-expressions and then combine them to get the first trignometric results</texcode>complicated expression.
The basics of typesetting math in ConTeXt also provides an alternative way of typing the same resultis explained here. Instead of dollars, you can write the material for maths inside <cmd>mathematics</cmd>. Thus, an alternate way to type the above is,<texcode>Pythagoras formula, stating \mathematics{a^2 + b^2 = c^2} was one of the first trignometric results</texcode>
Choose the method that suits your style.((I do not know if there are pros and cons of $..$ vs \mathematics{}. If someone knows, then please elaborate -- aditya ))== Display math mode ==
Display math is enclosed in a <Type {{cmd>|startformula</}} to get display math mode, or {{cmd> / <cmd>stopformula</cmd> pair|dm}} to get a inline typesetting but keeping display sizing and rules. Thus
<table widthcontext source="100%yes" cols="2"><tr valign="top"><td width="50%"><texcode>
The famous result (once more) is given by
\startformula
c^2 = a^2 + b^2.
\stopformula
</texcode>
</td><td>
This, when typeset, produces the following:
<context>\setuplayout[scale=0.8,width=8cm]The famous result (once more) is given by\startformuladm{c^2 = a^2 + b^2.\stopformula}
</context>
</td></tr></table>
== Numbering Formulae Inline math mode ==
ConTeXt provides an easy way There are four equivalent commands to number the display maths equations. Simplyget inline math mode: {{cmd|$}}, put <{{cmd>placeformula</|m}}, {{cmd> before <|math}}, {{cmd>startformula</cmd> / <cmd>stopformula</cmd> pair and you will |mathematics}} to get numbered equations. Thus,<table width="100%" cols="2"><tr valign="top"><td width="50%"><texcode>The famous result (once more) is given by\placeformula\startformulac^2 = a^2 + b^2display inline math mode.\stopformula</texcode></td><td>This, when typeset, produces the following:
<contextsource="yes">\setuplayoutframed[scalealign=0.8normal,widthframe=8cmoff]{%The famous result (once more) is given by$ c^2 = a^2 + b^2 $.\par % TeX style.The famous result (once more) is given by \placeformulam{c^2 = a^2 + b^2}.\par The famous result (once more) is given by \startformulamath{c^2 = a^2 + b^2}.\par The famous result (once more) is given by \stopformulamathematics{c^2 = a^2 + b^2}.}
</context>
</td></tr></table>
The <cmd>placeformula</cmd> command is optional, and produces the equation number; leaving it off produces an unnumbered equation.
For examples<code>$x$</code> gives <context>\setuplayout[scale=0.8]$x$</context>, while<code>$2$</code> gives <context>\setuplayout[scale= Not so Simple Maths ==0.8]$2$</context>.Notice that the ''x'' is in italic while the ''2'' is upright. This is the usual mathematic convention.
ConTeXt's base mathematics support is built on the mathematics support in plain TeX= Formula, thus allowing quite complicated formulas. (There are also some additional macrosformulae, such as the <cmd>text</cmd> command for text-mode notes within math.) For instance:<texcode>A more complicated equation:\placeformula\startformula{{\theta_{\text{\CONTEXT}}}^2 \over x+2} = \pmatrix{a_{11}&a_{12}&\ldots&a_{1n}\cr a_{21}&a_{22}&\ldots&a_{2n}\cr \vdots&\vdots&\ddots&\vdots\cr a_{n1}&a_{n2}&\ldots&a_{nn}\cr} \pmatrix{b_1 \cr b_2 \cr \vdots \cr b_n} + \sum_{j=1}^\infty z^j \left( \sum_{\scriptstyle nequations =1 \atop \scriptstyle n \ne j}^\infty Z_j^n \right)\stopformula</texcode>
which produces* '''[[Math/Display | Math display]]'''** numbering** referencing** sub-formulae** list of Formulae** formating* '''[[Math/Multiline_equations | Multiline equations]]'''** alignment** number of columns** equation numbering and sub-numbering (very similar to above)** formating, specifying and defining alignment** cases* '''[[Math/Matrices| Matrices]]'''** definition** delimiters** block matrices and vertical/ horizontal lines** border matrices
<context>\setuplayout[scale=0.8,widthTypesetting Math =13cm]A more complicated equation:\placeformula\startformula{{\theta_{\text{\CONTEXT}}}^2 \over x+2} = \pmatrix{a_{11}&a_{12}&\ldots&a_{1n}\cr a_{21}&a_{22}&\ldots&a_{2n}\cr \vdots&\vdots&\ddots&\vdots\cr a_{n1}&a_{n2}&\ldots&a_{nn}\cr} \pmatrix{b_1 \cr b_2 \cr \vdots \cr b_n} + \sum_{j=1}^\infty z^j \left( \sum_{\scriptstyle n=1 \atop \scriptstyle n \ne j}^\infty Z_j^n \right)\stopformula</context>
Context provides a wrapper around tex <cmd>pmatrix<* '''[[Math/cmd>basic | Math glyphs]]'''** Binary Operators Relations** Sums, products and integrals. The above can be typeset in a contextish way asA specific page is for [[Product integral]]** Greek Letters<texcode>** Subscript and superscriptA more complicated equation:** List of all math macros\definemathmatrix* '''[pmatrix[Math/functions]][left={\left''' (\,},right={\typesetting of usual functions,\rightand defining new ones)}* '''[[Math/Vectors]]'''\placeformula* '''[[Math/stackers]]'''\startformula{{\theta_{\text{\CONTEXT}}}^2 \** how to stack some characters over x+2}= \startpmatrix \NC a_{11} \NC a_{12} \NC \ldots \NC a_{1n} \NR \NC a_{21} \NC a_{22} \NC \ldots \NC a_{2n} \NR \NC \vdots \NC \vdots \NC \ddots \NC \vdots \NR \NC a_{n1} \NC a_{n2} \NC \ldots \NC a_{nn} \NR\stoppmatrix\startpmatrix b_1 \NR b_2 \NR \vdots \NR b_n \NR \stoppmatrix+ \sum_{j=1}^\infty z^j\leftanother one ( \sum_{\scriptstyle n = 1 \atop \scriptstyle n \ne j}^\infty Z_j^n \rightand accent)\stopformula** underbrace and overbrace<* '''[[Math/texcode>Fonts]]''' <context>** [[math calligraphic]] seems to be old content\setuplayout* '''[[scale=0.8,width=13cmMath/fractions | Math/Fractions and binomials]]'''A more complicated equation:\definemathmatrix* '''[[pmatrixMath/Delimiters][left={\left(\,},right={\,\right)}]'''\placeformula\startformula* '''Formatting numbers with {{\theta_{\text{\CONTEXTcmd|digits}}}^2 \over x+2}= \startpmatrix \NC a_{11} \NC a_{12} \NC \ldots \NC a_{1n} \NR \NC a_{21} \NC a_{22} \NC \ldots \NC a_{2n} \NR \NC \vdots \NC \vdots \NC \ddots \NC \vdots \NR \NC a_{n1} \NC a_{n2} \NC \ldots \NC a_{nn} \NR\stoppmatrix\startpmatrix b_1 \NR b_2 \NR \vdots \NR b_n \NR \stoppmatrix+ \sum_{j=1}^\infty z^j\left''', and its manual <i>[http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/magazines/mag-0003.pdf Pasting digits together ( \sum_{\scriptstyle n = 1 \atop \scriptstyle n \ne j}^\infty Z_j^n \right2003)\stopformula]</contexti>. Don't forget the [http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/manuals/units-mkiv.pdf Units manual (2020)]
[http://www.pragma-ade.com/texmath.html Here] you can try it "live" (you must go to [http://www.pragma-ade.com/exalogin login] first).= Plotting =
* [http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/manuals/luametafun.pdf LuaMetafun manual] (2021)** [http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/manuals/luametafun.pdf#page=30 Contours]** [http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/manuals/luametafun.pdf#page=41 Surfaces]** [http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/manuals/luametafun.pdf#page=44 Meshes]** [MathAlignmenthttp://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/manuals/luametafun.pdf#page=48 Functions]** [http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/manuals/luametafun.pdf#page=54 Charts] is covered on * [https://akela.mendelu.cz/~thala/statcharts/ The New (2020) graph module]** with its dedicated [https://akela.mendelu.cz/~thala/statcharts/statistical-charts.pdf manual "Drawing Statistical Charts"]** and a separate page[https://meeting.contextgarden.net/2020/talks/2020-09-11-tamara-and-adriana-statistical-charts/AK-TK_charts.pdf short presentation]* Data plotting with [[MPgraph|module graph]].* Some alternatives:** [[TikZ]] (2016)** [[Gnuplot]] (2012)** [[Pgfplot]] (2009).
==Sub-Formula Numbering=Key links =
As mentioned above, formulas can be numbered using the <cmd>placeformula</cmd> command. This (and the related <cmd>placesubformula</cmd> command have an optional argument which can be used to produce sub-formula numbering. For example:
* '''[http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/manuals/math-mkiv.pdf <table width="100%" cols="2"i>Math rendering<tr valign="top"/i>] manual (2018)'''* '''from Mikael P. Sundqvist'''** 2022 — TUG — <td width="50%"i>Pushing math forward with luametatex and ConTeXt<texcode/i>Examples*** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WuRa4cnXK-I video] \placeformula{a}*** [https://tug.org/tug2022/assets/served/Mikael_P._Sundqvist-TUG2022-sundqvist-lmtx-math-slides.pdf slides]\startformulac^*** [https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb43-2 = a^/tb134hagen-math.pdf article] (TUGboat, Volume 43 (2022), No. 2 + b^)** [https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb43-3/tb135hagen-mathchange.pdf 2022 — TUG — <i>New directions in math fonts</i> (TUGboat, Volume 43 (2022), No. 2)] .* '''from Aditya Mahajan'''** [https://wiki.contextgarden.net/images/archive/b/b4/20100530075041!Mathalign.pdf 2010 - <i>Using \stopformulastartalign and friends</i>] (My Way article)** [https://meeting.contextgarden.net/2008/talks/2008-08-24-aditya-display-math/presentation.pdf 2008 - <i>Display Math in Formula - Where is it and where can it go</i>] (presentation)** [https://www.ntg.nl/maps/34/06.pdf 2006 - <i>Display Math in ConTeXt</i>, MAPS <b>34</b>, 22–34.], ConTEXt rehab for amsmath addicts (article)
\placesubformula{b}\startformulac^2 = a^2 + b^2\stopformula</texcode></td><td><context>\setuplayout[scaleNotes =0.8,width=8cm]Examples:\placeformula{a}\startformulac^2 = a^2 + b^2\stopformula
\placesubformula{b}\startformulac^2 = a^2 + b^2\stopformula</context>=Evaluating expressions in ConTeXt==</td></tr></table>See also [[Expressions]] (i.e. ''doing'' math).
What's going on here == Note to Plain TeX Users ==ConTeXt is simpler than plain TeX compatible. So, if you have any old document written in plain TeX, it might appear at first glancewill work with ConTeXt. This does not mean that you will get pixel by pixel identical output with ConTeXt. For inline math, everything that you learnt for plain TeX is also true for ConTeXt. Both However, display math is significantly different. '''Do not use <cmdcode>placeformula$$ .... $$</code>''' to write display math formulas in ConTeXt, since you will not get the correct spacing around the formulas. Instead use {{cmd> |startformula}} and <cmdtt>placesubformula\stopformula</cmdtt> produce equation numbers with the optional tag added at the end; the sole difference is that the former increments the equation number first, while the latter does not (and thus can be used for the second and subsequent formulas that use the same formula number but presumably have different tags).
This is sufficient for cases where the standard ConTeXt equation numbers suffice, and where only one equation number is needed per formula. However, there are many cases where this is insufficient, and <cmd>placeformula</cmd> defines <cmd>formulanumber</cmd> and <cmd>subformulanumber</cmd> commands, which provide hooks to allow the use of ConTeXt-managed formula numbers with plain TeX equation numbering. These, when used within a formula, simply return the formula number in properly formatted form, as can be seen in this simple example with plain TeX's <cmd>eqno</cmd>. Note that the optional tag is inherited from <cmd>placeformula</cmd>. <table width="100%" cols="2"><tr valign="top"><td width="50%"><texcode>More examples:\placeformula{c}\startformula\let\doplaceformulanumber\emptyc^2 = a^2 + b^2 \eqno{\formulanumber}\stopformula</texcode><Note to AMSTeX/td><td><context>\setuplayout[scale=0.8,widthLaTeX Users =8cm]More examples:\placeformula{c}\startformula\let\doplaceformulanumber\emptyc^2 = a^2 + b^2 \eqno{\formulanumber}\stopformula</context></td></tr></table> In order for this to work properly, we need to turn off ConTeXt's automatic formula number placement; thus offers almost all the <cmd>let</cmd> command to empty <cmd>doplaceformulanumber</cmd>, which must be placed <em>after</em> the start of the formulafeatures that are present in AMSTeX and LaTeX. In many practical examplesHowever, however, this ConTeXt syntax is not necessary; ConTeXt redefines <cmd>displaylines</cmd> and <cmd>eqalignno</cmd> to do this automaticallydifferent. For more control over sub-formula numbering, <cmd>formulanumber</cmd> and <cmd>subformulanumber</cmd> have an optional argument parallel to that of <cmd>placeformula</cmd>, as demonstrated in See this use of plain TeX's <cmd>eqalignno</cmd>, which places multiple equation numbers within one formula. <table width="100%" cols="2"><tr valign="top"><td width="50%"><texcode>Yet more examples:\placeformula\startformula\eqalignno{c^2 &= a^2 + b^2 &\formulanumber{a} \cr a^2 + b^2 &= c^2 &\subformulanumber{b} \cr d^2 &= e^2 &\formulanumber\cr}\stopformula</texcode></td><td><context>\setuplayout[scale=0.8,width=8cm]Yet more exampleshttp:\placeformula\startformula\eqalignno{c^2 &= a^2 + b^2 &\formulanumber{a} \cr a^2 + b^2 &= c^2 &\subformulanumber{b} \cr d^2 &= e^2 &\formulanumber\cr}\stopformula</context></td></tr></table> Note that both <cmd>formulanumber</cmd> and <cmd>subformulanumber</cmd> can be used within the same formula, and the formula number is incremented as expecteddl. Also, if an optional argument is specified in both <cmd>placefigure</cmd> and <cmd>formulanumber</cmd>, the latter takes precedencecontextgarden. <table width="100%" cols="2"><tr valign="top"><td width="50%"><texcode>More examples for left-located equation number:\setupformulas[location=left]\placeformula{d}\startformula\let\doplaceformulanumber\emptyc^2 = a^2 + b^2 \leqno{\formulanumber}\stopformulaand\placeformula\startformula\leqalignno{c^2 &= a^2 + b^2 &\formulanumber{a} \cr a^2 + b^2 &= c^2 &\subformulanumber{b} \cr d^2 &= e^2 &\formulanumber\cr}\stopformula<net/texcode><myway/td><td><context>\setuplayout[scale=0-latex-math.8,width=8cmpdf My Way]More examples for left-located equation nohow to 'translate' from amsmath syntax to ConTeXt syntax.:\setupformulas[location=left[LaTeX_Math_in_ConTeXt]]\placeformula{d}\startformula\let\doplaceformulanumber\emptyc^2 = a^2 + b^2 \leqno{\formulanumber}\stopformulaand\placeformula\startformula\leqalignno{c^2 &= a^2 + b^2 &\formulanumber{a} \cr a^2 + b^2 &= c^2 &\subformulanumber{b} \cr d^2 &= e^2 &\formulanumber\cr}\stopformula</context></td></tr></table> -- 23:46, 15 Aug 2005 (CEST) Prinse Wang==List of Formulas== You can have a list of gives some brief ideas on how to get the formulas contained LaTeX syntax to run in a document by using <cmd>placenamedformula</cmd> instead of <cmd>placeformula</cmd>. Only the formulas written with <cmd>placenamedformula</cmd> are not put in the list, so that you can control precisely the content of the list. <cmd>placenamedformula</cmd> takes as first parameter the name of the formula put in the list. The other <cmd>placeformula</cmd> features are still available. The list can be formatted like any other listConTeXt. Example:<texcode>\subsubject{List of Formulas}\placelist[formula][criterium=text,alternative=c] \subsubject{Formulas}\placenamedformula[one]{First listed Formula}\startformula a = 1 \stopformula \endgraf \placeformula\startformula a = 2 \stopformula \endgraf \placenamedformula{Second listed Formula}{b}\startformula a = 3 \stopformula \endgraf</texcode> Gives: <context>\setuplayout[scale=0.8,width=13cm]\subsubject{List of Formulas}\placelist[formula][criterium=text,alternative=c] \subsubject{Formulas}\placenamedformula[one]{First listed Formula}\startformula a = 1 \stopformula \endgraf \placeformula\startformula a = 2 \stopformula \endgraf \placenamedformula{Second listed Formula}{b}\startformula a = 3 \stopformula \endgraf</context>
== Other Methods ==
* The "native" ConTeXt way of math is [[MathML]], an application of [[XML]] - rather verbose but mighty.* There are two different math modules on [http://dante.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/context/contrib/maths/ CTAN], [[Math with nath|nath]] and [[Math with amsl|amsl]]. And there's a [[Math with newmat|new mathmodule]] module in the distribution.* Context now has inbuilt support for [[Math_structures]]
* It is also possible to use most [[LaTeX Math in ConTeXt|LaTeX equations in ConTeXt]] with a relatively small set of supporting definitions.
* The "native" ConTeXt way of math is [[MathML]], an application of [[XML]] - rather verbose but mighty.
==Number Formatting==
There's a special command, <cmd>digits</cmd>, and a own manual about formatting numbers, see [http://www.pragma-ade.com/general/magazines/mag-0003.pdf Pasting digits together]
==Math [[Fonts]]==
* [[Bold Math]]
* [http://homepage.mac.com/atl/tex/EulerContext.pdf Euler in ConTeXt (using Euler math font)] by Adam Lindsay
==ScienceTo do ==* Esp. for physics there’s the [[units]] module.dots* Additions to Arrows (see [[MathML]] are PhysML and ChemMLhttp://dl.contextgarden.net/myway/matharrows.* [[Chemistry]pdf Math Arrows]) broken link* There's a module for chemical structure formulae: [[Chemistry{{todo|PPCHTeX]] (works also with LaTeX).}}
[[Category:Math]]