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= Basic Sample Fonts =

A very basic sample with Indic scripts is Fonts are complicated. Moreover, those for indic languages have to provide for rules for the following:formation of several complicated conjuncts. Each of these conjuncts can consist of several forms occurring simultaneously, which have to be positioned correctly relative to the base glyph. OTF documentation notwithstanding, font designers have their own interpretations of the specifications leading to a variety of implementations of the font features. Most of the available fonts are tested against Harfbuzz and/or ICU (sometimes only the former). Since ConTeXt uses its own OTF loading system, many indic fonts do not just work right away.

\usetypescriptfile[indic]</texcode>in the document head and use {{cmd|definetypeface}} and/or {{cmd|setupbodyfont}} with the following typescripts: {|cellpadding="5"|-style="background-color:#e1effa;"! style="width:17.5%\definefontfamily ;" | Sans ! style="width:17.5%;" | Serif! style="width:35%;" | Notes! Typescript(s)|-style="background-color:#fef6e7;"! colspan="4" | Devanagari|-| | [https://adishila.com/fonts/ Adishila]| 4 different designs; many weights and styles; good conjunct coverage; IAST support| <code>adishila</code></br><code>adishila-semibold</code></br><code>adishila-heavy</code></br><code>adishila-dev</code></br><code>adishila-dev-guru</code></br><code>adishila-san</code></br><code>adishila-san-letterpress</code></br>|-| | [https://github.com/Sandhi-IITBombay/Shobhika Shobhika]| two weights; good conjunct coverage; IAST support; some maths support| <code>shobhika</code>|-| [https://github.com/EkType/Baloo2 Baloo]| | five weights| <code>baloo</code></br><code>baloo-semibold</code></br><code>baloo-extrabold</code></br>|-|| [https://github.com/etunni/Amita Amita]| calligraphic style | <code>amita</code>|-|| [https://github.com/EkType/Jaini Jaini, Jaini Purva]| fonts with calligraphic style commonly found in Jaina kalpasūtra manuscripts| <code>jaini</code></br><code>jaini-purva</code></br>|-style="background-color:#fef6e7;"! colspan="4" | Malayalam|-| | [https://rachana.org.in/ RIT Rachana] | an elegant font good conjunct coverage; two weights; italic style; one of the most complete fonts available| <code>rit-rachana</code>|-|| [https://rachana.org.in/ Panmana]| good conjunct coverage; single weight; body-text font| <code>panmana</code>|-| [https://rachana.org.in/ Ezhuthu]| | handwriting font; single weight| <code>ezhuthu</code>|-|| [https://rachana.org.in/ RIT Sundar]| Single weight| <code>rit-sundar<code>|-| [https://rachana.org.in/ TN Joy]| | three weights| <code>tn-joy</code>|-| [https://smc.org.in/fonts/manjari/ Manjari]| | curvy handwriting font; suitable for body and titles; three weights| <code>manjari</code>|-| [https://smc.org.in/fonts/gayathri/ Gayathri]| | three weights| <code>gayathri</code>|-| [https://smc.org.in/fonts/anjalioldlipi Anjali Old Lipi]|| legible font intended for body text; glyphs for common Malayalam ligatures & Latin charset| <code>anjali-old-lipi</code>|-| [https://smc.org.in/fonts/chilanka Chilanka]| | handwriting style font with most of the unique Malayalam conjuncts; uniform width glyph strikes with round ends| <code>chilanka</code>|-| [https://smc.org.in/fonts/dyuthi Dyuthi]| | an ornamental typeface; Latin and Malayalam; Malayalam glyphs are based on popular 'bulged ended' type designs; single size – thicker than usual Malayalam fonts; suited for titles| <code>dyuthi</code>|-| [https://smc.org.in/fonts/karumbi Karumbi]|| handwriting traditional script font; casual style| <code>karumbi</code>|-| [https://github.com/EkType/Baloo2 Baloo Chettan 2]|| five weights| <code>baloo-chettan</code><code>baloo-chettan-semibold</code></br><code>baloo-chettan-extrabold</code>|-style="background-color:#fef6e7;"! colspan="4" | Telugu|-| [https://github.com/EkType/Baloo2 Baloo Tammudu 2]| | five weights| <code>baloo-tammudu</code><code>baloo-tammudu-semibold</code></br><code>baloo-tammudu-extrabold</code>|-| | [https://www.murtylibrary.com/mcli-fonts.php Murty Telugu]| good conjunct coverage; single-weight; consult license for terms of use | <code>murty-telugu</code>|-style="background-color:#fef6e7;"! colspan="4" | Kannada|-| | [https://www.murtylibrary.com/mcli-fonts.php Murty Kannada]| good conjunct coverage; single-weight; consult license for terms of use | <code>murty-kannada</code>|-style="background-color:#fef6e7;"! colspan="4" | Tamil|-| [https://github.com/EkType/Baloo2 Baloo Thambi 2] || five weights| <code>baloo-thambi</code>|-style="background-color:#fef6e7;"! colspan="4" | Bengali|-| [https://github.com/EkType/Baloo2 Baloo Da 2]|| five weights| <code>baloo-da</code><code>baloo-da-semibold</code></br><code>baloo-da-extrabold</code>|-| | [https://www.murtylibrary.com/mcli-fonts.php Murty Bangla]| good conjunct coverage; single-weight; consult license for terms of use | <code>murty-bangla</code>|-style="background-color:#fef6e7;"! colspan="4" | Gujarati|-| [https://github.com/EkType/Baloo2 Baloo Bhai]|| five weights| <code>baloo-bhai</code></br><code>baloo-bhai-semibold</code></br><code>baloo-bhai-extrabold</code>|-|| [rmhttps://fonts.google.com/noto Noto Serif Gujarati] | font from Google| <code>noto-serif-gujarati</code>|} = Supported Scripts and Font Features = One can of course use fonts not listed above. This section provides some details to this end. == Font feaures == The OTF specification has two shaping implementations for the indic scripts: the 'older' v1 and the 'newer' v2. [Kedagehttps://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/script-development/devanagari See here] for further details. [https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/opentype/spec/scripttags Script tags from the OpenType specification] contains second versions for some Indic scripts. Why are those second versions available? From their own explanation: <blockquote>The OpenType script tags can also correlate with a particular OpenType Layout implementation, with the result that more than one script tag may be registered for a given Unicode script (e.g. 'deva' and 'dev2').</blockquote> Features ending in <code>-one</code> use the older OpenType implementation, while the ones ending in <code>-two</code> deploy the newer implementation. These are specified in ConTeXt by the following font features: {| cellpadding="5"! style="text-align:left;" | Script! style="text-align:left;" | OTF v1 script tag! style="text-align:left;" | OTF v2 script tag|-| Devanagari| <code>devanagari-one</code>| <code>devanagari-two</code>|-| Malayalam| <code>malayalam-one</code>| <code>malayalam-two</code>|-| Telugu| <code>telugu-one</code>| <code>telugu-two</code>|-| Kannada| <code>kannada-one</code>| <code>kannada-two</code>|-| Bengali| <code>bengali-one</code>| <code>bengali-two</code>|-|} Please note that these font features also activate other font features as mandated in the OTF specification. These features can then be used to write typescripts for a font or to use the font directly in documents {{cmd|definefontfamily}} and/or {{cmd|definedfont}}. One of the common problems one might encounter with indic fonts is that of incorrect rendering of conjuncts involving the rakaar. In case any problems are encountered, one can try setting the <code>indic</code> feature (in addition to relevant <code>-one</code> or <code>-two</code> features above) appropriately as follows:<texcode>\definefontfeature […] […] [indic={matra=auto,conjuncts=quit}]</texcode> == Sanitizer ==Sometimes, some fonts might still have issues with certain conjuncts. To overcome this a <code>sanitizer</code> option may be used in defining font features. A goodies file accompanies this option. An example is illustrated below: <texcode>return { name = "myfont", version = "1.00", comment = "Goodies that complement myfont.", sanitizers = { dev2rkrf = { mapping = { ["के्र"] = "क्रे", ["कै्र"] = "क्रै", ["खे्र"] = "ख्रे", ["खै्र"] = "ख्रै", ["गे्र"] = "ग्रे", ["गै्र"] = "ग्रै", ["घे्र"] = "घ्रे", ["घै्र"] = "घ्रै", ["चे्र"] = "च्रे", ["चै्र"] = "च्रै", ["छे्र"] = "छ्रे", ["छै्र"] = "छ्रै", ["जे्र"] = "ज्रे", ["जै्र"] = "ज्रै", ["झे्र"] = "झ्रे", ["झै्र"] = "झ्रै", ["ञे्र"] = "ञ्रे", ["ञै्र"] = "ञ्रै", ["णे्र"] = "ण्रे", ["णै्र"] = "ण्रै", ["ते्र"] = "त्रे", ["तै्र"] = "त्रै", ["थे्र"] = "थ्रे", ["थै्र"] = "थ्रै", ["दे्र"] = "द्रे", ["दै्र"]= "द्रै", ["धे्र"] = "ध्रे", ["धै्र"] = "ध्रै", ["ने्र"] = "न्रे", ["नै्र"] = "न्रै", ["पे्र"] = "प्रे", ["पै्र"] = "प्रै", ["फे्र"] = "फ्रे", ["फै्र"] = "फ्रै", ["बे्र"] = "ब्रे", ["बै्र"] = "ब्रै", ["भे्र"] = "भ्रे", ["भै्र"] = "भ्रै", ["मे्र"] = "म्रे", ["मै्र"] = "म्रै", ["ये्र"] = "य्रे", ["यै्र"] = "य्रै", ["वे्र"] = "व्रे", ["वै्र"] = "व्रै", ["से्र"] = "स्रे", ["सै्र"] = "स्रै", ["शे्र"] = "श्रे", ["शै्र"] = "श्रै", ["षे्र"] = "ष्रे", ["षै्र"] = "ष्रै", ["हे्र"] = "ह्रे", ["है्र"] = "ह्रै", } } }}</texcode> Suppose that for a certain font (say <code>myfont</code>), using <code>devanagari-two</code> features, the above listed ra + consonant + vowel forms are not rendered properly. The above goodies file is then saved as <code>myfont.lfg</code> and used while defining the features thus:<texcode>\definefontfamily definefontfeature [kannadamyfontfeatures] [ssdevanagari-two] [Tungagoodies=myfont.lfg, sanitizer=dev2rkrf, indic={movematra=auto,conjuncts=quit}] [</texcode>Now, <code>myfontfeatures</code> can be used with {{cmd|definedfont}} and/or while writing typescripts for the font. = Script and language features=kannada The hyphenation patterns for the following languages are included in ConTeXt:{|cellpadding="5"! style="text-align:left;" | Script/Language! style="text-align:left;" | Conversion set! style="text-align:left;" | Hyphenation|-| Devanagari| <code>devanagarinumerals</code>| |-| Malayalam| <code>malayalamnumerals</code>| <code>\language[ml]</code>|-| Kannada| <code>kannadanumerals</code>| <code>\language[kn]</code>|-| Telugu| <code>telugunumerals</code>| <code>\language[te]</code>|-| Bengali| <code>bengalinumerals</code>| <code>\language[bn]</code>|-| Tamil| <code>tamilnumerals</code>| <code>\language[ta]</code>|-| Gujarati| <code>gujaratinumerals</code>| <code>\language[gu]</code>|-| Gurmukhi| <code>gurmukhinumerals</code>||-| Hindi| <code>devanagarinumerals</code>| <code>\language[hi]</code>|-one| Sanskrit| <code>devanagarinumerals</code>| <code>\language[sa]</code>|} A pattern is activated with {{cmd|language}}. The Sanskrit hyphenation patterns <code>sa</code> support hyphenation of Sanskrit written using the Malayalam, Telugu, Kannada, Bengali and Latin with IAST. Conversion sets are used as values of the keys <code>numberconversion</code>, <code>conversion</code> (wherever applicable) and with {{cmd|convertnumber}}. = Sanskrit Transliteration =Transliteration of '''Sanskrit''' from IAST to Devanagari and vice-versa as well as from and to other Indic languages is available in ConTeXt. The following transliteration schemes are supported with more planned:{|cellpadding="4"! style="width: 65%; text-align: left;" | Transliteration Scheme! style="text-align: left;" | Vector|-|Devanagari to IAST|<code>deva to iast</code>|-|IAST to Devanagari|<code>iast to deva</code>|-|ITrans to Devanagari|<code>itrans to deva</code>|-|Devanagari to Malayalam|<code>deva to mlym</code>|-|Devanagari to Kannada|<code>deva to knda</code>|-|Devanagari to Telugu|<code>deva to tlgu</code>|-|Devanagari to Gujarati|<code>deva to gujr</code>|-|Devanagari to Bengali|<code>deva to bngl</code>|} The main macro to set up a transliteration is {{cmd|definetransliteration}}. == A simple example == A transliteration instance is defined using {{cmd|definetransliteration}}:

<texcode>\definetypeface definetransliteration [kannadaTrDevaToIAST] [mm] [math] [modernvector={deva to iast}]</texcode>

ಇದು ಹೇಗಿದೆ% display mode\starttransliteration[TrDevaToIAST]महाजनस्य संसर्गः कस्य नोन्नतिकारकः।पद्मपत्रस्थितं तोयं धत्ते मुक्ताफलश्रियम्॥\stoptransliteration % or inlineThe company of great people (\transliteration[TrDevaToIAST] महाजनस्य संसर्गः} is there one for whom it is not beneficial {\transliteration[TrDevaToIAST] कस्य नोन्नतिकारकः}? ನಾನು ಹೀಗೆ ತುಂಬ ಬರೆಯಬೇಕೆಂದು ಯೋಚಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದೇನೆ(No!) Situated on the leaf of the lotus, (the mere) droplet of water {\transliteration[TrDevaToIAST] पद्मपत्रस्थितं तोयं} shines forth like a pearl {\transliteration[TrDevaToIAST] धत्ते मुक्ताफलश्रियम्}. 

In order to get the proper OpenType features% or inlineCharity accompanied by sweet words {\TrDevaToIAST दानं प्रियवाक्सहितं}, you need to select the proper feature from the following list:knowledge devoid of arrogance, valour accompanied by forgiveness (pity) {\TrDevaToIAST ज्ञानमगर्वं क्षमान्वितं शौर्यम्}, beauty accompanied by virtue (grace) {\TrDevaToIAST रूपं शीलसुयुक्तं} – these four are scarce {\TrDevaToIAST दुर्लभमेतच्चतुर्भद्रम्}.

* <code>devanagari-one</code>* <code>bengali-one</code>* <code>gujarati-one</code>* <code>gurmukhi-one</code>* <code>kannada-one</code>* <code>malayalam-one</code>* <code>oriya-one</code>* <code>tamil-one</code>\stoptext* <code>telugu-one</codetexcode>

[https://docs== Source with transliterated version ==Very often, one wants to typeset paragraphs in the original script ''accompanied'' by a transliterated version.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/opentypeThis can be achieved using the <code>before</spec/scripttags Script tags from the OpenType specification] contains second versions for what might be some (or all [I’m afraid I don’t know]) Indic scriptscode> key of {{cmd|definetransliteration}}.A simple example is as follows:

The hyphenation patterns for the following languages are included in ConTeXt:\stoptext* Sanskrit <code>sa</code>* Hindi <code>hi</code>* Kannada <code>kn</code>* Telugu <code>te</code>* Tamil <code>ta</code>* Malayalam <code>ml</codetexcode>* Bengali <code>bn</code>* Gujarati <code>gr</code> A pattern is activated with {{cmd|language}}. The Sanskrit hyphenation patterns support hyphenation of Sanskrit written using the Malayalam, Telugu, Kannada, Bengali and Latin with IAST.

= Numbers and Conversion sets =The following number conversion sets are availableIn summary:* Devanagari one defines a buffer which contains the paragraph (a verse in this example) in the original script. Then, using the <code>devanagarinumeralsbefore</code>* Malayalam and <code>malayalamnumeralsafter</code>* Tamil <code>tamilnumerals</code>* Kannada <code>kannadanumerals</code>* Telugu <code>telugunumerals</code>* Bengali <code>bengalinumerals</code>for use as values keys of the keys <code>numberconversion</code>, <code>conversion</code> and with {{cmd|convertnumberdefinetransliteration}}, a pair of verses may be easily typeset into lines.