Difference between revisions of "Math/basic"

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<[[Math]] |  
  
To tell TeX that an expression needs to be typeset using conventions for math, type the expression in <code>$</code>...<code>$</code>. For examples <code>$x$</code> gives <context>$x$</context>, while <code>$2$</code> gives <context>$2$</context>. Notice that the ''x'' is in italic while the ''2'' is upright. This is the usual mathematic convention.
+
== Introduction ==
  
More general expressions can be input in the natural manner. For example <code>$x+y$</code> gives <context>$x+y$</context>. Notice that TeX took care of the spacing around <code>+</code>. Mathematicians use a lot of symbols that are not avialable on the keyboard. TeX (and ConTeXt) provide macros to input them. For example <code>$x \times y$</code> gives <context>$x \times y$
+
To tell TeX that an expression needs to be typeset using conventions for math, type the expression in <code>$</code>...<code>$</code>. For examples <code>$x$</code> gives <context>$x$</context>, while <code>$2$</code> gives <context>$2$</context>. Notice that the ''x'' is in italic while the ''2'' is upright. This is the usual mathematic convention. You can also write in the math mode using the command <cmd>math</cmd> or <cmd>mathematics</cmd>.
</context>. In ConTeXt, you can see the list of all math macros by <cmd>showmathcharacters</cmd>
+
 
 +
== Binary Operators Relations==
 +
 
 +
Basic binary symbols can be produced by typing the correspoding keyboard character. These include
 +
 
 +
  + - = < >
 +
 
 +
A general expressions can be input in the natural manner. For example <code>$x+y$</code> gives <context>$x+y$</context>. Notice that TeX took care of the spacing around <code>+</code>. Mathematicians use a lot of symbols that are not avialable on the keyboard. TeX (and ConTeXt) provide macros to input them. For example <code>$x \times y$</code> gives <context>$x \times y$
 +
</context>. The following is a parial list of frequently used binary operators and  relations.
 +
 
 +
{| border="1"
 +
! colspan="2" | Commonly Used Binary Operators
 +
! colspan="2" | Commonly used relation symbols
 +
! colspan="2" | Set Relations
 +
|-
 +
|<cmd>pm</cmd>||<context>$\pm$</context>
 +
|<cmd>leq</cmd>||<context>$\leq$</context>
 +
|<cmd>subset</cmd>||<context>$\subset$</context>
 +
|-
 +
|<cmd>mp</cmd>||<context>$\mp$</context>
 +
|<cmd>ll</cmd>||<context>$\ll$</context>
 +
|<cmd>subseteq</cmd>||<context>$\subseteq$</context>
 +
|-
 +
|<cmd>times</cmd>||<context>$\times$</context>
 +
|<cmd>geq</cmd>||<context>$\geq$</context>
 +
|<cmd>supset</cmd>||<context>$\supset$</context>
 +
|-
 +
|<cmd>div</cmd>||<context>$\div$</context>
 +
|<cmd>gg</cmd>||<context>$\gg$</context>
 +
|<cmd>supseteq</cmd>||<context>$\supseteq$</context>
 +
|-
 +
|<cmd>ast</cmd>||<context>$\ast$</context>
 +
|<cmd>equiv</cmd>||<context>$\equiv$</context>
 +
|<cmd>cap</cmd>||<context>$\cap$</context>
 +
|-
 +
|<cmd>star</cmd>||<context>$\star$</context>
 +
|<cmd>sim</cmd>||<context>$\sim$</context>
 +
|<cmd>cup</cmd>||<context>$\cup$</context>
 +
|-
 +
|<cmd>bullet</cmd>||<context>$\bullet$</context>
 +
|<cmd>simeq</cmd>||<context>$\simeq$</context>
 +
|-
 +
|<cmd>circ</cmd>||<context>$\circ$</context>
 +
|<cmd>approx</cmd>||<context>$\approx$</context>
 +
|-
 +
|<cmd>cdot</cmd>||<context>$\cdot$</context>
 +
|<cmd>neq</cmd>||<context>$\neq$</context>
 +
|}
  
Here is the first page of this list
 
  
<context width="13cm">
+
== Greek Letters ==
\showmathcharacters
 
</context>
 
  
Thus to type the greek character ''α'' you can say <code>$\alpha$</code> which gives <context>$\alpha$</context>. If you have a utf enabled keyboard, you can also type the α directly and ConTeXt will correctly interpret it. For example,
+
To type the greek character ''α'' you can say <code>$\alpha$</code> which gives <context>$\alpha$</context>. If you have a utf enabled keyboard, you can also type the α directly and ConTeXt will correctly interpret it. For example,
  
 
<texcode>
 
<texcode>
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Here is some Greek math $α^2 + β^2 = γ^2$
 
Here is some Greek math $α^2 + β^2 = γ^2$
 
</texcode>
 
</texcode>
 +
 +
Here is a complete list of greek letters
 +
 +
{| border="1"
 +
! colspan="2" | lowercase greek letters
 +
! colspan="2" | variation
 +
! colspan="2" | uppercase greek letters
 +
|-
 +
|<cmd>alpha</cmd>||<context>$\alpha$</context>
 +
|-
 +
|<cmd>beta</cmd>||<context>$\beta$</context>
 +
|-
 +
|<cmd>gamma</cmd>||<context>$\gamma$</context>
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|<cmd>Gamma</cmd>||<context>$\Gamma$</context>
 +
|-
 +
|<cmd>delta</cmd>||<context>$\delta$</context>
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|<cmd>Delta</cmd>||<context>$\Delta$</context>
 +
|-
 +
|<cmd>epsilon</cmd>||<context>$\epsilon$</context>
 +
|<cmd>varepsilon</cmd>||<context>$\varepsilon$</context>
 +
|-
 +
|<cmd>zeta</cmd>||<context>$\zeta$</context>
 +
|-
 +
|<cmd>eta</cmd>||<context>$\eta$</context>
 +
|-
 +
|<cmd>theta</cmd>||<context>$\theta$</context>
 +
|<cmd>vartheta</cmd>||<context>$\vartheta$</context>
 +
|<cmd>Theta</cmd>||<context>$\Theta$</context>
 +
|-
 +
|<cmd>iota</cmd>||<context>$\iota$</context>
 +
|-
 +
|<cmd>kappa</cmd>||<context>$\kappa$</context>
 +
|-
 +
|<cmd>lambda</cmd>||<context>$\lambda$</context>
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|<cmd>Lambda</cmd>||<context>$\Lambda$</context>
 +
|-
 +
|<cmd>mu</cmd>||<context>$\mu$</context>
 +
|-
 +
|<cmd>nu</cmd>||<context>$\nu$</context>
 +
|-
 +
|<cmd>xi</cmd>||<context>$\xi$</context>
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|<cmd>Xi</cmd>||<context>$\Xi$</context>
 +
|-
 +
|<cmd>omicron</cmd>||<context>$\omicron$</context>
 +
|-
 +
|<cmd>pi</cmd>||<context>$\pi$</context>
 +
|<cmd>varpi</cmd>||<context>$\varpi$</context>
 +
|<cmd>Pi</cmd>||<context>$\Pi$</context>
 +
|-
 +
|<cmd>rho</cmd>||<context>$\rho$</context>
 +
|<cmd>varrho</cmd>||<context>$\varrho$</context>
 +
|-
 +
|<cmd>sigma</cmd>||<context>$\sigma$</context>
 +
|<cmd>varsigma</cmd>||<context>$\varsigma$</context>
 +
|<cmd>Sigma</cmd>||<context>$\Sigma$</context>
 +
|-
 +
|<cmd>tau</cmd>||<context>$\tau$</context>
 +
|-
 +
|<cmd>upsilon</cmd>||<context>$\upsilon$</context>
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|<cmd>Upsilon</cmd>||<context>$\Upsilon$</context>
 +
|-
 +
|<cmd>phi</cmd>||<context>$\phi$</context>
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|<cmd>Phi</cmd>||<context>$\Phi$</context>
 +
|-
 +
|<cmd>chi</cmd>||<context>$\chi$</context>
 +
|-
 +
|<cmd>psi</cmd>||<context>$\psi$</context>
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|<cmd>Psi</cmd>||<context>$\Psi$</context>
 +
|-
 +
|<cmd>omega</cmd>||<context>$\omega$</context>
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|<cmd>Omega</cmd>||<context>$\Omega$</context>
 +
|}
 +
 +
  
 
==subscript and superscipt==
 
==subscript and superscipt==
  
 
TeX uses <code>^</code> and <code>_</code> to denote superscipts and subscipts. It is perhaps easiest to explain this by means of some examples. <context>$x_{10}^{15}$</context> is written as <code>$x_{10}^{15}$</code> or <code>$x^{15}_{10}$</code>. The order in which <code>_</code> and <code>^</code> are given does not matter. One can also type complicated expressions like <context>$a_{b_{c_{d_{e}}}}$</context> as <code>$a_{b_{c_{d_{e}}}}$</code>.
 
TeX uses <code>^</code> and <code>_</code> to denote superscipts and subscipts. It is perhaps easiest to explain this by means of some examples. <context>$x_{10}^{15}$</context> is written as <code>$x_{10}^{15}$</code> or <code>$x^{15}_{10}$</code>. The order in which <code>_</code> and <code>^</code> are given does not matter. One can also type complicated expressions like <context>$a_{b_{c_{d_{e}}}}$</context> as <code>$a_{b_{c_{d_{e}}}}$</code>.
 +
 +
 +
== List of All Math macros ==
 +
In ConTeXt, you can see the list of all math macros by <cmd>showmathcharacters</cmd>
 +
 +
Here is the first page of this list
 +
 +
<context width="13cm">
 +
\showmathcharacters
 +
</context>

Revision as of 08:20, 29 January 2007

<Math |

Introduction

To tell TeX that an expression needs to be typeset using conventions for math, type the expression in $...$. For examples $x$ gives , while $2$ gives . Notice that the x is in italic while the 2 is upright. This is the usual mathematic convention. You can also write in the math mode using the command \math or \mathematics.

Binary Operators Relations

Basic binary symbols can be produced by typing the correspoding keyboard character. These include

 + - = < >

A general expressions can be input in the natural manner. For example $x+y$ gives . Notice that TeX took care of the spacing around +. Mathematicians use a lot of symbols that are not avialable on the keyboard. TeX (and ConTeXt) provide macros to input them. For example $x \times y$ gives . The following is a parial list of frequently used binary operators and relations.

Commonly Used Binary Operators Commonly used relation symbols Set Relations
\pm \leq \subset
\mp \ll \subseteq
\times \geq \supset
\div \gg \supseteq
\ast \equiv \cap
\star \sim \cup
\bullet \simeq
\circ \approx
\cdot \neq


Greek Letters

To type the greek character α you can say $\alpha$ which gives . If you have a utf enabled keyboard, you can also type the α directly and ConTeXt will correctly interpret it. For example,

\enableregime[utf]

Here is some Greek math $α^2 + β^2 = γ^2$

Here is a complete list of greek letters

lowercase greek letters variation uppercase greek letters
\alpha
\beta
\gamma \Gamma
\delta \Delta
\epsilon \varepsilon
\zeta
\eta
\theta \vartheta \Theta
\iota
\kappa
\lambda \Lambda
\mu
\nu
\xi \Xi
\omicron
\pi \varpi \Pi
\rho \varrho
\sigma \varsigma \Sigma
\tau
\upsilon \Upsilon
\phi \Phi
\chi
\psi \Psi
\omega \Omega


subscript and superscipt

TeX uses ^ and _ to denote superscipts and subscipts. It is perhaps easiest to explain this by means of some examples. is written as $x_{10}^{15}$ or $x^{15}_{10}$. The order in which _ and ^ are given does not matter. One can also type complicated expressions like as $a_{b_{c_{d_{e}}}}$.


List of All Math macros

In ConTeXt, you can see the list of all math macros by \showmathcharacters

Here is the first page of this list