107
edits
Changes
→Sanskrit Transliteration
{{todo|this page needs to be reviewedis under construction}}
= Basic Sample Fonts =
In early 2022, Hans made some nice improvements to the indic font system in ConTeXt. This was accompanied by some testing with various available fonts for some indic languages. As a result, there is an improved support for Indic fonts in ConTeXt. Various typescripts were then bundled into the ConTeXt distribution for easy use in documents.
The following table lists fonts that have been tested for use with ConTeXt. The list is by no means extensive: most of the fonts are relatively new and some (ubiquitous) old fonts are absent. If you find a font missing in this list and that works well in ConTeXt, please add it to the list. To use indic fonts place
<texcode>
\usetypescriptfile[indic]
</texcode>
in the document head and use {{cmd|definetypeface}} and/or {{cmd|setupbodyfont}} with the following typescripts:
{|cellpadding="5"
|-style="background-color:#e1effa;"
! style="width:17.5%;" | Sans
! style="width:17.5%;" | Serif
! style="width:35%;" | Notes
! Typescript(s)
|-style="background-color:#fef6e7;"
! colspan="4" | Devanagari
|-
|
| [https://adishila.com/fonts/ Adishila]
| 4 different designs; many weights and styles; good conjunct coverage; IAST support
| <code>adishila</code></br>
<code>adishila-semibold</code></br>
<code>adishila-heavy</code></br>
<code>adishila-dev</code></br>
<code>adishila-dev-guru</code></br>
<code>adishila-san</code></br>
<code>adishila-san-letterpress</code></br>
|-
|
| [https://github.com/Sandhi-IITBombay/Shobhika Shobhika]
| two weights; good conjunct coverage; IAST support; some maths support
| <code>shobhika</code>
|-
| [https://github.com/EkType/Baloo2 Baloo]
|
| five weights
| <code>baloo</code></br>
<code>baloo-semibold</code></br>
<code>baloo-extrabold</code></br>
|-
|
| [https://github.com/etunni/Amita Amita]
| calligraphic style
| <code>amita</code>
|-
|
| [https://github.com/EkType/Jaini Jaini, Jaini Purva]
| fonts with calligraphic style commonly found in Jaina kalpasūtra manuscripts
| <code>jaini</code></br>
<code>jaini-purva</code></br>
|-style="background-color:#fef6e7;"
! colspan="4" | Malayalam
|-
|
| [https://rachana.org.in/ RIT Rachana]
| an elegant font good conjunct coverage; two weights; italic style; one of the most complete fonts available
| <code>rit-rachana</code>
|-
|
| [https://rachana.org.in/ Panmana]
| good conjunct coverage; single weight; body-text font
| <code>panmana</code>
|-
| [https://rachana.org.in/ Ezhuthu]
|
| handwriting font; single weight
| <code>ezhuthu</code>
|-
|
| [https://rachana.org.in/ RIT Sundar]
| Single weight
| <code>rit-sundar<code>
|-
| [https://rachana.org.in/ TN Joy]
|
| three weights
| <code>tn-joy</code>
|-
| [https://smc.org.in/fonts/manjari/ Manjari]
|
| curvy handwriting font; suitable for body and titles; three weights
| <code>manjari</code>
|-
| [https://smc.org.in/fonts/gayathri/ Gayathri]
|
| three weights
| <code>gayathri</code>
|-
| [https://smc.org.in/fonts/anjalioldlipi Anjali Old Lipi]
|
| legible font intended for body text; glyphs for common Malayalam ligatures & Latin charset
| <code>anjali-old-lipi</code>
|-
| [https://smc.org.in/fonts/chilanka Chilanka]
|
| handwriting style font with most of the unique Malayalam conjuncts; uniform width glyph strikes with round ends
| <code>chilanka</code>
|-
| [https://smc.org.in/fonts/dyuthi Dyuthi]
|
| an ornamental typeface; Latin and Malayalam; Malayalam glyphs are based on popular 'bulged ended' type designs; single size – thicker than usual Malayalam fonts; suited for titles
| <code>dyuthi</code>
|-
| [https://smc.org.in/fonts/karumbi Karumbi]
|
| handwriting traditional script font; casual style
| <code>karumbi</code>
|-
| [https://github.com/EkType/Baloo2 Baloo Chettan 2]
|
| five weights
| <code>baloo-chettan</code>
<code>baloo-chettan-semibold</code></br>
<code>baloo-chettan-extrabold</code>
|-style="background-color:#fef6e7;"
! colspan="4" | Telugu
|-
| [https://github.com/EkType/Baloo2 Baloo Tammudu 2]
|
| five weights
| <code>baloo-tammudu</code>
<code>baloo-tammudu-semibold</code></br>
<code>baloo-tammudu-extrabold</code>
|-
|
| [https://www.murtylibrary.com/mcli-fonts.php Murty Telugu]
| good conjunct coverage; single-weight; consult license for terms of use
| <code>murty-telugu</code>
|-style="background-color:#fef6e7;"
! colspan="4" | Kannada
|-
|
| [https://www.murtylibrary.com/mcli-fonts.php Murty Kannada]
| good conjunct coverage; single-weight; consult license for terms of use
| <code>murty-kannada</code>
|-style="background-color:#fef6e7;"
! colspan="4" | Tamil
|-
| [https://github.com/EkType/Baloo2 Baloo Thambi 2]
|
| five weights
| <code>baloo-thambi</code>
|-style="background-color:#fef6e7;"
! colspan="4" | Bengali
|-
| [https://github.com/EkType/Baloo2 Baloo Da 2]
|
| five weights
| <code>baloo-da</code>
<code>baloo-da-semibold</code></br>
<code>baloo-da-extrabold</code>
|-
|
| [https://www.murtylibrary.com/mcli-fonts.php Murty Bangla]
| good conjunct coverage; single-weight; consult license for terms of use
| <code>murty-bangla</code>
|-style="background-color:#fef6e7;"
! colspan="4" | Gujarati
|-
| [https://github.com/EkType/Baloo2 Baloo Bhai]
|
| five weights
| <code>baloo-bhai</code></br>
<code>baloo-bhai-semibold</code></br>
<code>baloo-bhai-extrabold</code>
|-
|
| [https://fonts.google.com/noto Noto Serif Gujarati]
| font from Google
| <code>noto-serif-gujarati</code>
|}
= Supported Scripts and Font Features =
One can of course use fonts not listed above. This section provides some details to this end.
== Font feaures ==
The OTF specification has two shaping implementations for the indic scripts: the 'older' v1 and the 'newer' v2. [https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/script-development/devanagari See here] for further details.
[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/opentype/spec/scripttags Script tags from the OpenType specification] contains second versions for some Indic scripts.
Why are those second versions available? From their own explanation:
<blockquote>
The OpenType script tags can also correlate with a particular OpenType Layout implementation, with the result that more than one script tag may be registered for a given Unicode script (e.g. 'deva' and 'dev2').
</blockquote>
Features ending in <code>-one</code> use the older OpenType implementation, while the ones ending in <code>-two</code> deploy the newer implementation.
These are specified in ConTeXt by the following font features:
{| cellpadding="5"
! style="text-align:left;" | Script
! style="text-align:left;" | OTF v1 script tag
! style="text-align:left;" | OTF v2 script tag
|-
| Devanagari
| <code>devanagari-one</code>
| <code>devanagari-two</code>
|-
| Malayalam
| <code>malayalam-one</code>
| <code>malayalam-two</code>
|-
| Telugu
| <code>telugu-one</code>
| <code>telugu-two</code>
|-
| Kannada
| <code>kannada-one</code>
| <code>kannada-two</code>
|-
| Bengali
| <code>bengali-one</code>
| <code>bengali-two</code>
|-
|}
Please note that these font features also activate other font features as mandated in the OTF specification. These features can then be used to write typescripts for a font or to use the font directly in documents {{cmd|definefontfamily}} and/or {{cmd|definedfont}}.
One of the common problems one might encounter with indic fonts is that of incorrect rendering of conjuncts involving the rakaar. In case any problems are encountered, one can try setting the <code>indic</code> feature (in addition to relevant <code>-one</code> or <code>-two</code> features above) appropriately as follows:
<texcode>
<texcode>\definetypeface definetransliteration [kannadaTrDevaToIAST] [mm] [math] [modernvector={deva to iast}]</texcode>
<texcode>
\starttext
\stoptext
</texcode>
Sometimes, one might want to leave retain words or phrases in the original script and avoid transliteration. To this end, {{cmd|transliterationexception}} may be used to define such exceptions* at the level of a transliteration scheme, i.e., per <code>devanagari-twovector</code>as in:* <code>bengali-two</codetexcode>* <code>gujarati-two</code>\transliterationexception[deva to iast]{शरीरं}{देहं}* <code>gurmukhi-two</codetexcode>* <code>kannada-two<and/code>or at the instance level, i.e., per transliteration block define with {{cmd|definetransliteration}} as in:* <code>malayalam-two</codetexcode>* <code>oriya-two</code>\transliterationexception[TrDevaToIAST]{शरीरं}{देहं}* <code>tamil-two</codetexcode>* <code>telugu-two<When both are defined, the latter overrides the former. Moreover, any derived transliteration instances also inherit the exceptions defined for the parent. So, if any exceptions are to be avoided/code>changed, they must be redefined for the derived instances.
== Script Versions Source with transliterated version ==Very often, one wants to typeset paragraphs in the original script ''accompanied'' by a transliterated version. This can be achieved using the <code>before</code> key of {{cmd|definetransliteration}}. A simple example is as follows:
<texcode>\usetransliteration[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/opentype/spec/scripttags Script tags from the OpenType specificationindic] contains second versions for what might be some (or all \setuplines[I’m afraid I don’t knowindenting={yes,small,even}]\definebuffer [padya]\definetransliteration [padyaPair] [color=blue, vector={deva to iast}, before={\startlines\getbuffer[padya]\par}, after=\stoplines]) Indic scripts.