< [[Main Page]] | [[Math with newmat]] | [[MathML]] >= Introduction =
Many people start with TeX because they want was designed for ease of typesetting books that contained mathematics. As ConTeXt is built on top of TeX, it inherits all those features. In addition to set formulae.Simple math typesetting exists since PlainTeX and these commands work in , ConTeXt as in LaTeX.Advanced math was introduced adds lot of macros to TeX by AMS (American Mathematical Society); nowadays AMSTeX and LaTeX are unitedmake the typesetting of mathematics easier. But how can one use advanced math with ConTeXt?
* There are '''two different ''' kinds of '''math modules on [http://dante.ctan.org/texmodes''' ---archive/macros/context/contrib/maths/ CTAN], [[Math with nath|nath]] '''inline math and [[Math display math'''. Mathematical expressions that are written with amsl|amsl]]the running text are called inline math; while mathematical expressions that break the flow of the text (such as formulas or equations) are called display math.* It is also possible TeX takes care of proper spacing around expressions and provides macros to use typeset most [[LaTeX Math in ConTeXt|LaTeX equations in ConTeXt]] with a relatively small set of supporting definitionsmathematical constructs.* The "native" ConTeXt way of math is [[MathML]]Complicated expressions can be built by working in steps---break down the expression into sub-expressions, an application of [[XML]] build the sub- rather verbose but mighty.* And there's a [[Math with newmat|new math]] module in expressions and then combine them to get the distributioncomplicated expression. ==Simple Math==
ConTeXt supports inline math (mathematical formulas set within ordinary paragraphs as part The basics of the text) and display math (mathematics set on lines by themselves, often with equation numbers). Inline typesetting math is enclosed in "$" signs, while display math ConTeXt is enclosed in a <cmd>startformula</cmd> / <cmd>stopformula</cmd> pairexplained here.
<texcode>Inline == Display math is set as $c^2 mode = a^2 + b^2$, and display math as\placeformula\startformulac^2 = a^2 + b^2.\stopformula</texcode>
ThisType {{cmd|startformula}} to get display math mode, when typeset, produces the following:or {{cmd|dm}} to get a inline typesetting but keeping display sizing and rules.
<contextsource="yes">Inline math The famous result (once more) is set as $c^2 = a^2 + b^2$, and display math as\placeformulagiven by
\startformula
c^2 = a^2 + b^2.
\stopformula
</context>
The <cmd>placeformula</cmd> command is optional, and produces the equation number; leaving it off produces an unnumbered equation.
ConTeXt's base mathematics support is built on the mathematics support in plain TeX, thus allowing quite complicated formulas. (There are also some additional macros, such as the <cmd>text</cmd> command for text-mode notes within math.) For instance:
<texcode>
A more complicated equation:
\placeformula
\startformula
{{\theta_{\text{ConTeXt}}}^2 \over x+2}
= \pmatrix{a_{11}&a_{12}&\ldots&a_{1n}\cr
a_{21}&a_{22}&\ldots&a_{2n}\cr
\vdots&\vdots&\ddots&\vdots\cr
a_{n1}&a_{n2}&\ldots&a_{nn}\cr}
\pmatrix{b_1 \cr b_2 \cr \vdots \cr b_n}
+ \sum_{j=1}^\infty z^j
\left( \sum_{\scriptstyle n=1 \atop \scriptstyle n \ne j}^\infty Z_j^n \right)
\stopformula
</texcode>
which produces<context>A more complicated equation:\placeformula\startformula{{\theta_{\textdm{ConTeXt}}}c^2 \over x+= a^2} = \pmatrix{a_{11}&a_{12}&\ldots&a_{1n}\cr a_{21}&a_{22}&\ldots&a_{2n}\cr \vdots&\vdots&\ddots&\vdots\cr a_{n1}&a_{n2}&\ldots&a_{nn}\cr} \pmatrix{b_1 \cr b_2 \cr \vdots \cr b_n} + \sum_{j=1}b^\infty z^j \left( \sum_{\scriptstyle n=1 \atop \scriptstyle n \ne j2}^\infty Z_j^n \right)\stopformula
</context>
[http://www.ntg.nl:8061/texmath.pdf Here] you can try it "live" (PDF interface!). [[MathAlignment]] is covered on a separate page. ==Formula NumberingInline math mode == As mentioned above, formulas can be numbered using the <cmd>placeformula</cmd> command. This (and the related <cmd>placesubformula</cmd> command have an optional argument which can be used to produce sub-formula numbering. For example: <texcode>Examples:\placeformula{a}\startformulac^2 = a^2 + b^2\stopformula \placesubformula{b}\startformulac^2 = a^2 + b^2\stopformula</texcode>
<context>ExamplesThere are four equivalent commands to get inline math mode:\placeformula{a{cmd|$}}, {{cmd|m}}, {{cmd|math}}, {{cmd|mathematics}}\startformulac^2 = a^2 + b^2\stopformulato get display inline math mode.
<context source="yes">\placesubformulaframed[align=normal,frame=off]{%The famous result (once more) is given by $ c^2 = a^2 + b^2 $.\par % TeX style.The famous result (once more) is given by \m{c^2 = a^2 + b^2}.\par The famous result (once more) is given by \startformulamath{c^2 = a^2 + b^2}.\par The famous result (once more) is given by \stopformulamathematics{c^2 = a^2 + b^2}.}
</context>
What's going on here is simpler than it might appear at first glance. Both <cmd>placeformula</cmd> and <cmd>placesubformula</cmd> produce equation numbers with the optional tag added at the end; the sole difference is that the former increments the equation number first, while the latter does not (and thus can be used for the second and subsequent formulas that use the same formula number but presumably have different tags).
This is sufficient for cases where the standard ConTeXt equation numbers suffice, and where only one equation number is needed per formula. However, there are many cases where this is insufficient, and <cmd>placeformula</cmd> defines <cmd>formulanumber</cmd> and <cmd>subformulanumber</cmd> commands, which provide hooks to allow the use of ConTeXt-managed formula numbers with plain TeX equation numbering. These, when used within a formula, simply return the formula number in properly formatted form, as can be seen in this simple example with plain TeX's <cmd>eqno</cmd>. Note that the optional tag is inherited from <cmd>placeformula</cmd>.
For examples<texcodecode>$x$</code> gives <context>More examples:\placeformula{c}setuplayout[scale=0.8]$x$</context>, while<code>$2$</code> gives <context>\startformula\let\doplaceformulanumber\emptyc^2 setuplayout[scale= a^0.8]$2 + b^2 \eqno{\formulanumber}\stopformula$</texcodecontext>.Notice that the ''x'' is in italic while the ''2'' is upright. This is the usual mathematic convention.
<context>More examples:\placeformula{c}\startformula\let\doplaceformulanumber\emptyc^2 = a^2 + b^2 \eqno{\formulanumber}\stopformula</context>Formula, formulae, equations =
In order for this to work properly, we need to turn off ConTeXt* '''s automatic formula number placement; thus the <cmd>let<[[Math/cmd> command to empty <cmd>doplaceformulanumber<Display | Math display]]'''** numbering** referencing** sub-formulae** list of Formulae** formating* '''[[Math/cmd>, which must be placed <em>after</em> the start Multiline_equations | Multiline equations]]'''** alignment** number of the formula. In many practical examplescolumns** equation numbering and sub-numbering (very similar to above)** formating, however, this is not necessary; ConTeXt redefines <cmd>displaylines<specifying and defining alignment** cases* '''[[Math/cmd> Matrices| Matrices]]'''** definition** delimiters** block matrices and <cmd>eqalignno<vertical/cmd> to do this automatically.horizontal lines** border matrices
For more control over sub-formula numbering, <cmd>formulanumber</cmd> and <cmd>subformulanumber</cmd> have an optional argument parallel to that of <cmd>placeformula</cmd>, as demonstrated in this use of plain TeX's <cmd>eqalignno</cmd>, which places multiple equation numbers within one formula.= Typesetting Math =
<texcode>* '''[[Math/basic | Math glyphs]]'''** Binary Operators Relations** Sums, products and integrals. A specific page is for [[Product integral]]** Greek Letters** Subscript and superscript** List of all math macros* '''[[Math/functions]]''' (typesetting of usual functions, and defining new ones)* '''[[Math/Vectors]]'''* '''[[Math/stackers]]'''** how to stack some characters over another one (and accent)** underbrace and overbrace* '''[[Math/Fonts]]''' Yet more examples:** [[math calligraphic]] seems to be old content\placeformula* '''[[Math/fractions | Math/Fractions and binomials]]'''\startformula* '''[[Math/Delimiters]]'''\eqalignno* '''Formatting numbers with {c^2 &= a^2 + b^2 &\formulanumber{acmd|digits} \cr a^2 + b^2 &= c^2 &\subformulanumber{b} \cr d^2 &= e^2 &\formulanumber\cr}\stopformula''', and its manual <i>[http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/magazines/mag-0003.pdf Pasting digits together (2003)]</texcodei>. Don't forget the [http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/manuals/units-mkiv.pdf Units manual (2020)]
<context>Yet more examples:\placeformula\startformula\eqalignno{c^2 &= a^2 + b^2 &\formulanumber{a} \cr a^2 + b^2 &Plotting = c^2 &\subformulanumber{b} \cr d^2 &= e^2 &\formulanumber\cr}\stopformula</context>
Note that both <cmd>formulanumber<* [http:/cmd> /www.pragma-ade.nl/general/manuals/luametafun.pdf LuaMetafun manual] (2021)** [http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/manuals/luametafun.pdf#page=30 Contours]** [http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/manuals/luametafun.pdf#page=41 Surfaces]** [http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/manuals/luametafun.pdf#page=44 Meshes]** [http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/manuals/luametafun.pdf#page=48 Functions]** [http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/manuals/luametafun.pdf#page=54 Charts]* [https://akela.mendelu.cz/~thala/statcharts/ The New (2020) graph module]** with its dedicated [https://akela.mendelu.cz/~thala/statcharts/statistical-charts.pdf manual "Drawing Statistical Charts"]** and <cmd>subformulanumber<a [https://cmd> can be used within the same formula, and the formula number is incremented as expectedmeeting.contextgarden. Also, if an optional argument is specified in both <cmd>placefigure<net/2020/talks/cmd> 2020-09-11-tamara-and <cmd>formulanumber<-adriana-statistical-charts/cmd>, the latter takes precedenceAK-TK_charts.pdf short presentation]* Data plotting with [[MPgraph|module graph]].* Some alternatives:** [[TikZ]] (2016)** [[Gnuplot]] (2012)** [[Pgfplot]] (2009).
----= Key links =
<texcode>
More examples for left-located equation number:
\setupformulas[location=left]
\placeformula{d}
\startformula
\let\doplaceformulanumber\empty
c^2 = a^2 + b^2 \leqno{\formulanumber}
\stopformula
\placeformula* '''[http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/manuals/math-mkiv.pdf <i>Math rendering</i>] manual (2018)'''* '''from Mikael P. Sundqvist'''\startformula** 2022 — TUG — <i>Pushing math forward with luametatex and ConTeXt</i>\leqalignno{c^2 &*** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= a^WuRa4cnXK-I video] *** [https://tug.org/tug2022/assets/served/Mikael_P._Sundqvist-TUG2022-sundqvist-lmtx-math-slides.pdf slides]*** [https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb43-2 + b^/tb134hagen-math.pdf article] (TUGboat, Volume 43 (2022), No. 2 &\formulanumber{a} \cr) a^** [https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb43-3/tb135hagen-mathchange.pdf 2022 — TUG — <i>New directions in math fonts</i> (TUGboat, Volume 43 (2022), No. 2 + )] .* '''from Aditya Mahajan'''** [https://wiki.contextgarden.net/images/archive/b^2 &= c^2 /b4/20100530075041!Mathalign.pdf 2010 - <i>Using \startalign and friends</i>] &\subformulanumber{b} \cr(My Way article) d^2 &= e^2 &\formulanumber\cr}\stopformula** [https://meeting.contextgarden.net/2008/talks/2008-08-24-aditya-display-math/presentation.pdf 2008 - <i>Display Math in Formula - Where is it and where can it go</i>] (presentation)** [https://www.ntg.nl/maps/34/06.pdf 2006 - <i>Display Math in ConTeXt</i>, MAPS <b>34</texcodeb>, 22–34.], ConTEXt rehab for amsmath addicts (article)
<context>More examples for left-located equation number:\setupformulas[location=left]\placeformula{d}\startformula\let\doplaceformulanumber\emptyc^2 Notes = a^2 + b^2 \leqno{\formulanumber}\stopformula
\placeformula\startformula\leqalignno{c^2 &= a^2 + b^2 &\formulanumber{a} \cr a^2 + b^2 &= c^2 &\subformulanumber{b} \crEvaluating expressions in ConTeXt== d^2 &= See also [[Expressions]] (i.e^2 &\formulanumber\cr}\stopformula</context>. ''doing'' math).
-- 23:46== Note to Plain TeX Users ==ConTeXt is plain TeX compatible. So, 15 Aug 2005 (CEST) Prinse Wangif you have any old document written in plain TeX, it will work with ConTeXt. This does not mean that you will get pixel by pixel identical output with ConTeXt. For inline math, everything that you learnt for plain TeX is also true for ConTeXt. However, display math is significantly different. '''Do not use <code>$$ .... $$</code>''' to write display math formulas in ConTeXt, since you will not get the correct spacing around the formulas. Instead use {{cmd|startformula}} and <tt>\stopformula</tt>.
==Number FormattingNote to AMSTeX/LaTeX Users ==There's a special command, <cmd>digits</cmd>, ConTeXt offers almost all the features that are present in AMSTeX and a own manual about formatting numbersLaTeX. However, see ConTeXt syntax is different. See this [http://wwwdl.pragma-adecontextgarden.comnet/generalmyway/magazines/magcontext-latex-0003math.pdf Pasting digits togetherMy Way]for how to 'translate' from amsmath syntax to ConTeXt syntax. [[LaTeX_Math_in_ConTeXt]] gives some brief ideas on how to get the LaTeX syntax to run in ConTeXt.
==Math Other Methods ==* The "native" ConTeXt way of math is [[FontsMathML]]==* , an application of [[Bold MathXML]]- rather verbose but mighty.* There are two different math modules on [http://homepagedante.macctan.comorg/tex-archive/macros/context/atlcontrib/texmaths/EulerContextCTAN], [[Math with nath|nath]] and [[Math with amsl|amsl]]. And there's a [[Math with newmat|new math module]] in the distribution.pdf Euler * It is also possible to use most [[LaTeX Math in ConTeXt|LaTeX equations in ConTeXt (using Euler math font)] by Adam Lindsay] with a relatively small set of supporting definitions.
==ScienceTo do ==* Esp. for physics there’s the [[units]] module.dots* Additions to Arrows (see [[MathML]] are PhysML and ChemMLhttp://dl.contextgarden.net/myway/matharrows.* [[Chemistry]pdf Math Arrows]) broken link* There's a module for chemical structure formulae: [[Chemistry{{todo|PPCHTeX]] (works also with LaTeX). It's based on [[Metapost]] and [[MetaFun]].}}
[[Category:Math]]