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< [[Main Page]] | [[Math with newmat]] | [[MathML]] >= Introduction =
Many people start with TeX because they want was designed for ease of typesetting books that contained mathematics. As ConTeXt is built on top of TeX, it inherits all those features. In addition to set formulae.Simple math typesetting exists since PlainTeX and these commands work in , ConTeXt as in LaTeX.Advanced math was introduced adds lot of macros to TeX by AMS (American Mathematical Society); nowadays AMSTeX and LaTeX are unitedmake the typesetting of mathematics easier. But how can one use advanced math with ConTeXt?
* There are '''two different ''' kinds of '''math modules on [http://dante.ctan.org/texmodes''' ---archive/macros/context/contrib/maths/ CTAN], [[Math with nath|nath]] '''inline math and [[Math display math'''. Mathematical expressions that are written with amsl|amsl]]the running text are called inline math; while mathematical expressions that break the flow of the text (such as formulas or equations) are called display math.* It is also possible TeX takes care of proper spacing around expressions and provides macros to use typeset most [[LaTeX Math in ConTeXt|LaTeX equations in ConTeXt]] with a relatively small set of supporting definitionsmathematical constructs.* The "native" ConTeXt way of math is [[MathML]]Complicated expressions can be built by working in steps---break down the expression into sub-expressions, an application of [[XML]] build the sub- rather verbose but mightyexpressions and then combine them to get the complicated expression.* And there's a [[Math with newmat|new The basics of typesetting math]] module in the distributionConTeXt is explained here.
ConTeXt supports inline math (mathematical formulas set within ordinary paragraphs as part of the text) and Type {{cmd|startformula}} to get display math (mathematics set on lines by themselvesmode, often with equation numbers). Inline math is enclosed in "$" signs, while or {{cmd|dm}} to get a inline typesetting but keeping display math is enclosed in a <cmd>startformula</cmd> / <cmd>stopformula</cmd> pairsizing and rules.
</texcode>
This, when typeset, produces the following:
<context>Inline math is set as $c^2 = a^2 + b^2$, and display math as\placeformula\startformuladm{c^2 = a^2 + b^2.\stopformula}
The <cmd>placeformula</cmd> command is optional, and produces the equation number; leaving it off produces an unnumbered equation.== Inline math mode ==
ConTeXt's base mathematics support is built on the mathematics support in plain TeX, thus allowing quite complicated formulas. (There are also some additional macros, such as the <cmd>text</cmd> command for text-four equivalent commands to get inline math mode notes within math.) For instance:<texcode>A more complicated equation:\placeformula\startformula{{\theta_{\text{ConTeXtcmd|$}}}^2 \over x+2} = \pmatrix, {a_{11cmd|m}&a_{12}&\ldots&a_, {1n}\cr a_{21cmd|math}&a_{22}&\ldots&a_, {2n}\cr \vdots&\vdots&\ddots&\vdots\cr a_{n1cmd|mathematics}&a_{n2}&\ldots&a_{nn}\cr} \pmatrix{b_1 \cr b_2 \cr \vdots \cr b_n} + \sum_{j=1}^\infty z^j \left( \sum_{\scriptstyle n=1 \atop \scriptstyle n \ne j}^\infty Z_j^n \right)\stopformula</texcode>to get display inline math mode.
which produces<contextsource="yes">A more complicated equation:\placeformulaframed[align=normal,frame=off]{%The famous result (once more) is given by $ c^2 = a^2 + b^2 $.\startformulapar % TeX style.{{The famous result (once more) is given by \theta_m{\text{ConTeXt}}}c^2 = a^2 \over x+b^2} = \pmatrix{a_{11}&a_{12}&.\ldots&a_{1n}\crpar a_{21}&a_{22}&The famous result (once more) is given by \ldots&a_math{2n}\cr \vdots&\vdots&\ddots&\vdots\cr a_{n1}&a_{n2}&\ldots&a_{nn}\cr} \pmatrix{b_1 \cr b_2 \cr \vdots \cr b_n} c^2 = a^2 + \sum_{j=1b^2}^.\infty z^jpar \leftThe famous result ( once more) is given by \sum_mathematics{\scriptstyle nc^2 =1 \atop \scriptstyle n \ne j}a^\infty Z_j2 + b^n \right)\stopformula2}.}
[http://www.ntg.nl:8061/texmath.pdf Here] you can try it "live" (PDF interface!).
[[MathAlignment]] is covered on a separate page.
==Formula Numbering==
As mentioned above, formulas can be numbered using the <cmd>placeformula</cmd> command. This (and the related <cmd>placesubformula</cmd> command have an optional argument which can be used to produce sub-formula numbering. For example:
<texcode>
Examples:
\placeformula{a}
\startformula
c^2 = a^2 + b^2
\stopformula
\placesubformula{b}
\startformula
c^2 = a^2 + b^2
\stopformula
</texcode>
<context>
Examples:
\placeformula{a}
\startformula
c^2 = a^2 + b^2
\stopformula
\placesubformula{b}
\startformula
c^2 = a^2 + b^2
\stopformula
</context>
What's going on here is simpler than it might appear at first glanceFor examples<code>$x$</code> gives <context>\setuplayout[scale=0. Both 8]$x$<cmd/context>placeformula, while<code>$2$</cmdcode> and gives <cmdcontext>placesubformula\setuplayout[scale=0.8]$2$</cmdcontext> produce equation numbers with .Notice that the optional tag added at the end; the sole difference ''x'' is that the former increments the equation number first, in italic while the latter does not (and thus can be used for the second and subsequent formulas that use ''2'' is upright. This is the same formula number but presumably have different tags)usual mathematic convention.
This is sufficient for cases where the standard ConTeXt equation numbers suffice= Formula, and where only one equation number is needed per formula. Howeverformulae, there are many cases where this is insufficient, and <cmd>placeformula</cmd> defines <cmd>formulanumber</cmd> and <cmd>subformulanumber</cmd> commands, which provide hooks to allow the use of ConTeXt-managed formula numbers with plain TeX equation numbering. These, when used within a formula, simply return the formula number in properly formatted form, as can be seen in this simple example with plain TeX's <cmd>eqno</cmd>. Note that the optional tag is inherited from <cmd>placeformula</cmd>.equations =
<texcode>* '''[[Math/Display | Math display]]'''** numbering** referencing** sub-formulae** list of Formulae** formating* '''[[Math/Multiline_equations | Multiline equations]]'''** alignment** number of columnsMore examples:** equation numbering and sub-numbering (very similar to above)\placeformula{c}** formating, specifying and defining alignment\startformula** cases\let\doplaceformulanumber\empty* '''[[Math/Matrices| Matrices]]'''c^2 = a^2 + b^2 \eqno{\formulanumber}** definition\stopformula** delimiters<** block matrices and vertical/texcode>horizontal lines** border matrices
<context>More examples:\placeformula{c}\startformula\let\doplaceformulanumber\emptyc^2 = a^2 + b^2 \eqno{\formulanumber}\stopformula</context>Typesetting Math =
In order * '''[[Math/basic | Math glyphs]]'''** Binary Operators Relations** Sums, products and integrals. A specific page is for this to work properly[[Product integral]]** Greek Letters** Subscript and superscript** List of all math macros* '''[[Math/functions]]''' (typesetting of usual functions, we need and defining new ones)* '''[[Math/Vectors]]'''* '''[[Math/stackers]]'''** how to turn off ConTeXtstack some characters over another one (and accent)** underbrace and overbrace* 's automatic formula number placement; thus the <cmd>let<''[[Math/cmd> command Fonts]]''' ** [[math calligraphic]] seems to empty <cmd>doplaceformulanumber<be old content* '''[[Math/fractions | Math/Fractions and binomials]]'''* '''[[Math/Delimiters]]'''* '''Formatting numbers with {{cmd>|digits}}''', which must be placed and its manual <emi>after[http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/magazines/mag-0003.pdf Pasting digits together (2003)]</emi> . Don't forget the start of the formula[http://www.pragma-ade. In many practical examples, however, this is not necessary; ConTeXt redefines <cmd>displaylines<nl/general/cmd> and <cmd>eqalignno<manuals/cmd> to do this automaticallyunits-mkiv.pdf Units manual (2020)]
For more control over sub-formula numbering, <cmd>formulanumber</cmd> and <cmd>subformulanumber</cmd> have an optional argument parallel to that of <cmd>placeformula</cmd>, as demonstrated in this use of plain TeX's <cmd>eqalignno</cmd>, which places multiple equation numbers within one formula.= Plotting =
<texcode>* [http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/manuals/luametafun.pdf LuaMetafun manual] (2021)Yet more examples** [http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/manuals/luametafun.pdf#page=30 Contours]\placeformula** [http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/manuals/luametafun.pdf#page=41 Surfaces]\startformula** [http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/manuals/luametafun.pdf#page=44 Meshes]\eqalignno{c^2 &** [http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/manuals/luametafun.pdf#page= a^2 + b^2 &\formulanumber{a} \cr48 Functions] a^2 + b^2 &** [http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/manuals/luametafun.pdf#page= c^2 &\subformulanumber{b} \cr54 Charts] d^2 &= e^2 &\formulanumber\cr}* [https://akela.mendelu.cz/~thala/statcharts/ The New (2020) graph module]\stopformula** with its dedicated [https://akela.mendelu.cz/~thala/statcharts/statistical-charts.pdf manual "Drawing Statistical Charts"]<** and a [https://meeting.contextgarden.net/2020/talks/2020-09-11-tamara-and-adriana-statistical-charts/texcode>AK-TK_charts.pdf short presentation]* Data plotting with [[MPgraph|module graph]].* Some alternatives:** [[TikZ]] (2016)** [[Gnuplot]] (2012)** [[Pgfplot]] (2009).
<context>Yet more examples:\placeformula\startformula\eqalignno{c^2 &= a^2 + b^2 &\formulanumber{a} \cr a^2 + b^2 &Key links = c^2 &\subformulanumber{b} \cr d^2 &= e^2 &\formulanumber\cr}\stopformula</context>
Note that both <cmd>formulanumber</cmd> and <cmd>subformulanumber</cmd> can be used within the same formula, and the formula number is incremented as expected. Also, if an optional argument is specified in both <cmd>placefigure</cmd> and <cmd>formulanumber</cmd>, the latter takes precedence.
\placeformula\startformula\leqalignno{c^2 &= a^2 + b^2 &\formulanumber{a} \cr a^2 + b^2 &Notes = c^2 &\subformulanumber{b} \cr d^2 &= e^2 &\formulanumber\cr}\stopformula</texcode>
<context>==Evaluating expressions in ConTeXt==More examples for left-located equation number:\setupformulasSee also [[location=leftExpressions]]\placeformula{d}\startformula\let\doplaceformulanumber\emptyc^2 = a^2 + b^2 \leqno{\formulanumber}\stopformula(i.e. ''doing'' math).
\placeformula== Note to Plain TeX Users ==\startformula\leqalignno{c^2 &= a^2 + b^2 &\formulanumberConTeXt is plain TeX compatible. So, if you have any old document written in plain TeX, it will work with ConTeXt. This does not mean that you will get pixel by pixel identical output with ConTeXt. For inline math, everything that you learnt for plain TeX is also true for ConTeXt. However, display math is significantly different. '''Do not use <code>$$ .... $$</code>''' to write display math formulas in ConTeXt, since you will not get the correct spacing around the formulas. Instead use {a} \cr a^2 + b^2 &= c^2 &\subformulanumber{bcmd|startformula} \cr d^2 &= e^2 &\formulanumber\cr}and <tt>\stopformula</contexttt>.
→Formula, formulae, equations
==Simple MathDisplay math mode ==
<texcodecontext source="yes">Inline math The famous result (once more) is set as $c^2 = a^2 + b^2$, and display math as\placeformulagiven by
\startformula
c^2 = a^2 + b^2.
\stopformula
</context>
</context>
* '''[http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/manuals/math-mkiv.pdf <i>Math rendering</i>] manual (2018)'''* '''from Mikael P. Sundqvist'''** 2022 — TUG — <i>Pushing math forward with luametatex and ConTeXt<texcode/i>More examples for left*** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WuRa4cnXK-I video] *** [https://tug.org/tug2022/assets/served/Mikael_P._Sundqvist-TUG2022-sundqvist-lmtx-math-located equation numberslides.pdf slides]*** [https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb43-2/tb134hagen-math.pdf article] (TUGboat, Volume 43 (2022), No. 2)\setupformulas** [location=lefthttps://tug.org/TUGboat/tb43-3/tb135hagen-mathchange.pdf 2022 — TUG — <i>New directions in math fonts</i> (TUGboat, Volume 43 (2022), No. 2)].\placeformula{d}* '''from Aditya Mahajan'''** [https://wiki.contextgarden.net/images/archive/b/b4/20100530075041!Mathalign.pdf 2010 - <i>Using \startformulastartalign and friends</i>] (My Way article)\let\doplaceformulanumber\empty** [https://meeting.contextgarden.net/2008/talks/2008-08-24-aditya-display-math/presentation.pdf 2008 - <i>Display Math in Formula - Where is it and where can it go</i>] (presentation)c^2 = a^2 + ** [https://www.ntg.nl/maps/34/06.pdf 2006 - <i>Display Math in ConTeXt</i>, MAPS <b>34</b^2 \leqno{\formulanumber}\stopformula>, 22–34.], ConTEXt rehab for amsmath addicts (article)
==Number FormattingNote to AMSTeX/LaTeX Users ==There's a special command, <cmd>digits</cmd>, ConTeXt offers almost all the features that are present in AMSTeX and a own manual about formatting numbersLaTeX. However, see ConTeXt syntax is different. See this [http://wwwdl.pragma-adecontextgarden.comnet/generalmyway/magazines/magcontext-latex-0003math.pdf Pasting digits togetherMy Way]for how to 'translate' from amsmath syntax to ConTeXt syntax. [[LaTeX_Math_in_ConTeXt]] gives some brief ideas on how to get the LaTeX syntax to run in ConTeXt.
==Math Other Methods ==* The "native" ConTeXt way of math is [[FontsMathML]]==* , an application of [[Bold MathXML]]- rather verbose but mighty.* There are two different math modules on [http://homepagedante.macctan.comorg/tex-archive/macros/context/atlcontrib/texmaths/EulerContextCTAN], [[Math with nath|nath]] and [[Math with amsl|amsl]]. And there's a [[Math with newmat|new math module]] in the distribution.pdf Euler * It is also possible to use most [[LaTeX Math in ConTeXt|LaTeX equations in ConTeXt (using Euler math font)] by Adam Lindsay] with a relatively small set of supporting definitions.
==ScienceTo do ==* Esp. for physics there’s the [[units]] module.dots* Additions to Arrows (see [[MathML]] are PhysML and ChemMLhttp://dl.contextgarden.net/myway/matharrows.* [[Chemistry]pdf Math Arrows]) broken link* There's a module for chemical structure formulae: [[Chemistry{{todo|PPCHTeX]] (works also with LaTeX). It's based on [[Metapost]] and [[MetaFun]].}}
[[Category:Math]]
