It is not difficult at all to write a little parser which takes as it input your source file and gives in output a .tex file containing the code plus the opportune commands for colorization. You can then include the resulting file in the source.
As an example, [http://www.cirma.unito.it/andrea/sw/sc/scToConTeXt.py this] is a Python script for the SuperCollider language, which has a Smalltalk-like syntax.