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Many people start with TeX because they want to set formulae.Simple math typesetting exists since PlainTeX and these commands work in ConTeXt as in LaTeX.Advanced math was introduced to TeX by AMS (American Mathematical Society); nowadays AMSTeX and LaTeX are united. But how can one use advanced math with ConTeXt?== Introduction ==
* There are two different math modules on [http://dante.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/context/contrib/maths/ CTAN], [[Math with nath|nath]] and [[Math with amsl|amsl]].* It is also possible to use most [[LaTeX Math in ConTeXt|LaTeX equations in ConTeXt]] with a relatively small set of supporting definitions.* The "native" ConTeXt way TeX was designed for ease of math is [[MathML]], an application of [[XML]] - rather verbose but mighty.* And there's a [[Math with newmat|new math]] module in the distribution. ==Simple Math== ConTeXt supports inline math (mathematical formulas set within ordinary paragraphs as part of the text) and display math (typesetting books that contained mathematics set on lines by themselves, often with equation numbers). Inline math is enclosed in "$" signs, while display math is enclosed in a <cmd>startformula</cmd> / <cmd>stopformula</cmd> pair. <texcode>Inline math is set as $c^2 = a^2 + b^2$, and display math as\placeformula\startformulac^2 = a^2 + b^2.\stopformula</texcode> This, when typeset, produces the following: <context>Inline math is set as $c^2 = a^2 + b^2$, and display math as\placeformula\startformulac^2 = a^2 + b^2.\stopformula</context> The <cmd>placeformula</cmd> command is optional, and produces the equation number; leaving it off produces an unnumbered equation. As ConTeXt's base mathematics support is built on the mathematics support in plain top of TeX, thus allowing quite complicated formulasit inherits all those features. (There are also some additional In addition to these, ConTeXt adds lot of macros, such as to make the <cmd>text</cmd> command for text-mode notes within math.) For instance:<texcode>A more complicated equation:\placeformula\startformula{{\theta_{\text{\CONTEXT}}}^2 \over x+2} = \pmatrix{a_{11}&a_{12}&\ldots&a_{1n}\cr a_{21}&a_{22}&\ldots&a_{2n}\cr \vdots&\vdots&\ddots&\vdots\cr a_{n1}&a_{n2}&\ldots&a_{nn}\cr} \pmatrix{b_1 \cr b_2 \cr \vdots \cr b_n} + \sum_{j=1}^\infty z^j \left( \sum_{\scriptstyle n=1 \atop \scriptstyle n \ne j}^\infty Z_j^n \right)\stopformula</texcode> which produces<context>A more complicated equation:\placeformula\startformula{{\theta_{\text{\CONTEXT}}}^2 \over x+2} = \pmatrix{a_{11}&a_{12}&\ldots&a_{1n}\cr a_{21}&a_{22}&\ldots&a_{2n}\cr \vdots&\vdots&\ddots&\vdots\cr a_{n1}&a_{n2}&\ldots&a_{nn}\cr} \pmatrix{b_1 \cr b_2 \cr \vdots \cr b_n} + \sum_{j=1}^\infty z^j \left( \sum_{\scriptstyle n=1 \atop \scriptstyle n \ne j}^\infty Z_j^n \right)\stopformula</context> [http://www.pragma-ade.com/texmath.html Here] you can try it "live" (you must go to [http://www.pragma-ade.com/exalogin login] first)typesetting of mathematics easier.
[[MathAlignment]] is covered on a separate pageThere are '''two''' kinds of '''math modes''' --- '''inline math and display math'''. Mathematical expressions that are written with the running text are called inline math; while mathematical expressions that break the flow of the text (such as formulas or equations) are called display math. TeX takes care of proper spacing around expressions and provides macros to typeset most mathematical constructs.Complicated expressions can be built by working in steps---break down the expression into sub-expressions, build the sub-expressions and then combine them to get the complicated expression.
==Formula Numbering==The basics of typesetting math in ConTeXt is explained here.
As mentioned above, formulas can be numbered using the <cmd>placeformula</cmd> command. This (and the related <cmd>placesubformula</cmd> command have an optional argument which can be used to produce sub-formula numbering. For example:=== Display math mode ===Type
Examples:\placeformula{a}\startformulac^2 = a^2 + b^2\stopformula \placesubformula{b}\startformulac^2 = a^2 + b^2... \stopformula
<context>Examples:\placeformula{a}\startformulac^2 = a^2 + b^2\stopformula \placesubformula{b}\startformulac^2 = a^2 + b^2\stopformula</context>to get display math mode.
What's going on here is simpler than it might appear at first glance. Both <cmd>placeformula</cmd> and <cmd>placesubformula</cmd> produce equation numbers with the optional tag added at the end; the sole difference is that the former increments the equation number first, while the latter does not (and thus can be used for the second and subsequent formulas that use the same formula number but presumably have different tags).=== Inline math mode === This is sufficient for cases where the standard ConTeXt equation numbers suffice, and where only one equation number is needed per formula. However, there There are many cases where this is insufficient, and <cmd>placeformula</cmd> defines <cmd>formulanumber</cmd> and <cmd>subformulanumber</cmd> four equivalent commands, which provide hooks to allow the use of ConTeXt-managed formula numbers with plain TeX equation numbering. These, when used within a formula, simply return the formula number in properly formatted form, as can be seen in this simple example with plain TeX's <cmd>eqno</cmd>. Note that the optional tag is inherited from <cmd>placeformula</cmd>.get inline math mode:
More examples:$ ... $ % TeX style.\placeformulam{c... } \startformulamath{ ... } \let\doplaceformulanumber\emptyc^2 = a^2 + b^2 \eqnomathematics{\formulanumber... }\stopformula
<context>More examples:\placeformula{c}\startformula\let\doplaceformulanumber\emptyc^2 = a^2 + b^2 \eqno{\formulanumber}\stopformula</context>== Note to Plain TeX Users ===In order for this to work properly, we need to turn off ConTeXt's automatic formula number placement; thus the <cmd>let</cmd> command to empty <cmd>doplaceformulanumber</cmd>, which must be placed <em>after</em> the start of the formulais plain TeX compatible. In many practical examplesSo, howeverif you have any old document written in plain TeX, this is it will work with ConTeXt. This does not necessary; mean that you will get pixel by pixel identical output with ConTeXt redefines <cmd>displaylines</cmd> and <cmd>eqalignno</cmd> to do this automatically. For more control over sub-formula numberinginline math, <cmd>formulanumber</cmd> and <cmd>subformulanumber</cmd> have an optional argument parallel to everything that of <cmd>placeformula</cmd>, as demonstrated in this use of you learnt for plain TeXis also true for ConTeXt. However, display math is significantly different. 's ''Do not use <cmdcode>eqalignno$$ .... $$</cmdcode>''' to write display math formulas in ConTeXt, which places multiple equation numbers within one formulasince you will not get the correct spacing around the formulas.Instead use
Yet more examples:\placeformula\startformula\eqalignno{c^2 &= a^2 + b^2 &\formulanumber{a} \cr a^2 + b^2 &= c^2 &\subformulanumber{b} \cr d^2 &= e^2 &\formulanumber\cr}... \stopformula
<context>Yet See [[Math/Display]] for more examples:\placeformula\startformula\eqalignno{c^2 &= a^2 + b^2 &\formulanumber{a} \cr a^2 + b^2 &= c^2 &\subformulanumber{b} \cr d^2 &= e^2 &\formulanumber\cr}\stopformula</context>details on how to use display math in ConTeXt.
----== The details ==
<texcode>=== Math symbols ===More examples for left-located equation number:\setupformulas* [[location=leftMath/basic | How to input math]](binary relations, greek letters, subscripts and superscripts)\placeformula{d}* Accents\startformula* [[Math/stackers | underbrace]], [[Math/stackers | overbrace]]\let\doplaceformulanumber\empty* [[Math/fractions | Fractions, Binomials, genfrac, continued fractions.]]c^2 = a^2 + b^2 \leqno{\formulanumber}\stopformula* Delimiters (big, bigg, left, middle, right)* Integrals andSums\placeformula* ([[Math/functions|Log like]]) functions\startformula* dots\leqalignno{c^2 &= a^2 + b^2 &\formulanumber{a} \cr* [[Multiline_equations#Cases|Cases]], matrices, bordermatrix a^2 + b^2 &= c^2 &\subformulanumber{b} \cr* Arrows (see [http://dl.contextgarden.net/myway/matharrows.pdf Math Arrows]) d^2 &= e^2 &\formulanumber\cr}* [[Vectors]]\stopformula</texcode>* [[Product integral]]
<context>=== Display Math ===More examples for left-located equation * [[Math/Display | Formula, formula number:]]\setupformulas* [[location=leftMultiline equations]]\placeformula{d}\startformula\let\doplaceformulanumber\emptyc^2 = a^2 + b^2 \leqno{\formulanumber}(see [http://dl.contextgarden.net/myway/mathalign.pdf Using \stopformulamathalign andfriends])\placeformula* Math sub-alignment\startformula* [[Math spacing]]\leqalignno{c^2 &= a^2 + b^2 &\formulanumber{a} \cr a^2 + b^2 &= c^2 &\subformulanumber{b} \cr d^2 &= e^2 &\formulanumber\cr}\stopformula</context>* Discussion: [[User_talk:Zenlima | summary of formula numbering problems]] (comment: unverified)
-- 23:46, 15 Aug 2005 (CEST) Prinse Wang==Math Fonts==
==Number Formatting==There's a special command, <cmd>digits</cmd>, and a own manual 'See [[Math fonts]]'' for the main article about formatting numbers, see [http://wwwthis subject.pragma-ade.com/general/magazines/mag-0003.pdf Pasting digits together]
links to new Math/stackers page
< [[Main Page]] | [[Math with newmat]] | [[MathML]] | [[Math_structures]] >
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=== Note that both <cmd>formulanumber<to AMSTeX/cmd> and <cmd>subformulanumber</cmd> can be used within LaTeX Users ===ConTeXt offers almost all the same formula, features that are present in AMSTeX and the formula number is incremented as expectedLaTeX. AlsoHowever, if an optional argument ConTeXt syntax is specified in both <cmd>placefigure<different. See this [http://dl.contextgarden.net/cmd> and <cmd>formulanumber<myway/cmd>, context-latex-math.pdf My Way] for how to 'translate' from amsmath syntax to ConTeXt syntax. [[LaTeX_Math_in_ConTeXt]] gives some brief ideas on how to get the latter takes precedenceLaTeX syntax to run in ConTeXt.
==Math [[Fonts]]Other Methods ==* [[Bold Math]]* There are two different math modules on [http://homepagedante.macctan.comorg/tex-archive/macros/context/atlcontrib/texmaths/EulerContextCTAN], [[Math with nath|nath]] and [[Math with amsl|amsl]]. And there's a [[Math with newmat|new math]] module in the distribution.pdf Euler * Context now has inbuilt support for [[Multiline equations]]* It is also possible to use most [[LaTeX Math in ConTeXt|LaTeX equations in ConTeXt (using Euler ]] with a relatively small set of supporting definitions.* The "native" ConTeXt way of math font)is [[MathML]], an application of [[XML]] by Adam Lindsay- rather verbose but mighty.
==Science==
* Esp. for physics there’s the [[unitsUnits]] module.
* Additions to [[MathML]] are PhysML and ChemML.
* [[Chemistry]]
* There's a module for chemical structure formulae: [[Chemistry|PPCHTeX]] (works also with LaTeX).
==Number Formatting==
There's a special command, <cmd>digits</cmd>, with its own manual about formatting numbers, see [http://www.pragma-ade.com/general/magazines/mag-0003.pdf Pasting digits together]
==Evaluating expressions in ConTeXt==
(i.e. ''doing'' math)
* See also [[Expressions]].
[[Category:Math]]
