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ConTeXt supports inline math (mathematical formulas set within ordinary paragraphs as part of the text) and display math (mathematics set on lines by themselves, often with equation numbers). Inline math is enclosed in "$" signs, while display math is enclosed in a <cmd>startformula</cmd> / <cmd>stopformula</cmd> paid.

(Someone please add a sample that shows ConTeXt's base mathematics support is built on the most advanced possible math without modulesmathematics support in plain TeX, thus allowing quite complicated formulas. For instance:<texcode>A more complicated equation:\placeformula\startformula{{\theta_{\text{ConTeXt}}}^2 \over x+2} = \pmatrix{a_{11}&a_{12}&\ldots&a_{1n}\cr a_{21}&a_{22}&\ldots&a_{2n}\cr \vdots&\vdots&\ddots&\vdots\cr a_{n1}&a_{n2}&\ldots&a_{nn}\cr} \pmatrix{b_1 \cr b_2 \cr \vdots \cr b_n} + \sum_{j=1}^\infty z^j \left( \sum_{\scriptstyle n=1 \atop \scriptstyle n \ne j}^\infty Z_j^n \right)\stopformula</texcode> which produces<context>A more complicated equation:\placeformula\startformula{{\theta_{\text{ConTeXt}}}^2 \over x+2} = \pmatrix{a_{11}&a_{12}&\ldots&a_{1n}\cr a_{21}&a_{22}&\ldots&a_{2n}\cr \vdots&\vdots&\ddots&\vdots\cr a_{n1}&a_{n2}&\ldots&a_{nn}\cr} \pmatrix{b_1 \cr b_2 \cr \vdots \cr b_n} + \sum_{j=1}^\infty z^j \left( \sum_{\scriptstyle n=1 \atop \scriptstyle n \ne j}^\infty Z_j^n \right)\stopformula</context>