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< [[Graphics]]|[[Metafun]]|[[Metapost]]>__TOC__
ConTeXT provides a tight integration of TeX and [[MetaPost]]. MetaPost can used behind the scenes for some graphic trickery. This integration is also helpful for drawing figures in MetaPost and use them in the document. Some of the commonly used commands for this are
== \defineMPinstance MetaFun is ConTeXt’s extension of the [[MetaPost]] language. It provides a tight integration of both TeX and \setupMPinstance ==[[MetaPost]]. MetaPost can used behind the scenes for some graphic trickery. This integration is also helpful for drawing figures in MetaPost and use them in a document.
{{cmd'''The [[manual:metafun-p.pdf|defineMPinstance}} and {{cmdMetaFun manual]]''', also available in a [[manual:metafun-s.pdf|setupMPinstance}} can be used to set up MetaPost invocations with particular features. One use case could be to select a sans serif font for all MetaPostlabelsscreen version]]. Example:
<texcode>
\setupMPinstance [metafun] [textstyle=sans]
\starttext
\startMPcode draw textext("some text") ;\stopMPcodeDon’t miss the illustrations at 100% MetaFun page [https://art-aleatoire.com art-aleatoire].
\stoptext
</texcode>
Another use case could be to create This page is a custom setup with important text in bold and red forselected MetaPost graphicsbrief overview of some of the commonly used commands. Example:
<texcode>\defineMPinstance [important] [metafun] % needs to be inherited from the global metafun instance [textcolor=red]ConTeXt System Overview =
\defineMPinstance [veryimportant] [importantFile:ConTeXt-System.png|700px] [textstyle=bold]
\starttext= Commonly used commands =
% normal black text\startMPcode draw textext("some text") ;{{cmd|defineMPinstance}}, {{cmd|setupMPinstance}}: used to set up MetaPost invocations with particular features. One use case could be to select a sans serif font for all MetaPost labels. \stopMPcode: {{cmd|startMPenvironment}} '''is DEPRECATED''' in which one could place settings that one only wanted to apply in the MetaPost environment, but not in the document itself. One should use {{cmd|defineMPinstance}} and {{cmd|setupMPinstance}}, instead.
% red text\startMPcode; {{importantcmd|startMPinclusions}} draw textext("some text") ;\stopMPcode: Inside, one can specify MetaPost files to ''input'', and also define MetaPost functions.
% red bold text\startMPcode; {{cmd|startuseMPgraphic}}, {{cmd|useMPgraphic}}: defines a piece of graphics code that is processed anew every time the graphic is placed with {{veryimportantcmd|useMPgraphic} draw textext("some text") ;\stopMPcode}.
\stoptext</texcode>; {{cmd|startreusableMPgraphic}}, {{cmd|reuseMPgraphic}}: For graphics that are the same every time, it is better to use {{cmd|startreusableMPgraphic}}: the graphic is compiled only once, and the one resulting picture can be placed at various points with {{cmd|reuseMPgraphic}}.
=== \startMPenvironment ===; {{cmd|startMPpage}}: produces a page a containing MetaPost graphic. The page is just large enough to contain the graphic. The resulting pdf is self-contained (it has all the fonts embedded). This is useful if you want to send the figure to a coauthor or a journal.
An example of its usage:= Documentation and links =
<texcode>* [[manual:mmakempy.pdf|MakeMPY]]: create MetaPost outlines (by Pragma)\startMPenvironment* [[Flow Charts|FlowCharts]]: encapsulated application, demonstration of MetaPost/MetaFun\usetypescript* [timeshttp://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/sources/mptopdf.pdf MPtoPDF]: create PDF from MetaPost (by Pragma)* [texnansihttp://www.pragma-ade.nl/show-gra.pdf a few examples of MetaPost graphics]\switchtobodyfont* [times,10pthttp://www.pragma-ade.nl/articles/art-puzz.pdf Puzzling graphics in MetaPost](article)\stopMPenvironment* [http://www.ntg.nl/maps/25/15.pdf metapost metafun. Hans Hagen at MAPS]<* [[Fill Patterns|FillPatterns]]: Fill pattern examples using MetaPost/texcode>MetaFun
An MPenvironment is sort of like <b>verbatimtex..etex</b> in regular (standalone) MetaPost figures. Here is an example of using verbatimtex in a regular MetaPost figure:
<texcode>
verbatimtex
% center-align and stack the two arguments
\def\2#1#2{\vbox{\halign{\hfil##\hfil\cr #1\cr #2\cr}}}
etex
beginfig(1) z0 = (2in,0); draw fullcircle scaled 3cm; label(btex \2{sun}{mass $M$} etex, origin); draw fullcircle scaled 1.5cm shifted z0; label(btex \2{earth}{mass $m$} etex, z0);endfig;end</texcode> To integrate such a graphic into a ConTeXt source file, there are several choices. 1. Place the definition of <b>\2</b> in the MPenvironment. However, that fails (as of the 2006.09.28 beta but it's likely to work soon, knowing Hans) because the definition is stored as a macro itself, and then the parameters #1 and #2 become ##1 and ##2, alas. There is a <b>\startbuffer</b> trick that Hans posted on the mailing list. But perhaps the easiest is: 2. Place the definition of <b>\2</b> in the ConTeXt environment, and change <b>btex..etex</b> to <b>\sometxt</b>. Here's an example: <texcode>% in a large document, put this def in an environment\def\2#1#2{\vbox{\halign{\hfil##\hfil\cr #1\cr #2\cr}}} \starttext % earth and sun\startreusableMPgraphic{fig} z0 = (2in,0); draw fullcircle scaled 3cm; label(\sometxt{\2{sun}{mass $M$}}, origin); draw fullcircle scaled 1.5cm shifted z0; label(\sometxt{\2{earth}{mass $m$}}, z0);\stopreusableMPgraphic \reuseMPgraphic{fig} \stoptext</texcode> Warning: <b>\sometxt</b> cannot be used in loops. Instead use <b>\textext</b>. [Someone who understands why should expand this statement!] == \startMPinclusions == Inside {{cmd|startMPinclusions}} one can specify MetaPost files to ''input'', and also define MetaPost functions.For example<texcode>\startMPinclusions input boxes ; vardef my_metapost_fun(expr var)= ... enddef ;\stopMPinclusions</texcode> == \startMPpage == {{cmd|startMPpage}} produces a page a containing MetaPost graphic. Thepage is just large enough to contain the graphic. The resulting pdf isself-contained (it has all the fonts embedded) This is useful if you want to send the figure to a coauthor or a journal. For example, one can have <texcode>\starttext\startMPpage draw fullcircle scaled 2cm ; dotlabel.bot(textext("(0,0)"),origin) ;\stopMPpage \startMPpage draw fullcircle scaled 2cm ; drawarrow (0,0)--(1cm,0) ; label.bot(textext("$r$"),(5mm,0)) ;\stopMPpage \stoptext</texcode> Processing this file using<texcode> texmfstart texexec --pdf filename</texcode>gives a pdf with two pages of graphics. == \startstaticMPfigure == The {{cmd|startuseMPgraphic}} series of commands were designed for using MetaPost for drawing fancy frames and backgrounds and not for using <i>stand-alone</i> graphics for a document. {{cmd|startstaticMPfigure}} creates a separate pdf file containing the graphic. This pdf can be included in the document using {{cmd|usestaticMPfigure}}. ConTeXt is clever enough to recompile the resulting MetaPost file, only if something inside the start stop staticMPgraphic has changed. For example,<texcode>\startstaticMPfigure{center} draw fullcircle scaled 2cm ; dotlabel.bot(textext("(0,0)"),origin) ;\stopstaticMPfigure \startstaticMPfigure{radius} draw fullcircle scaled 2cm ; drawarrow (0,0)--(1cm,0) ; label.bot(textext("$r$"),(5mm,0)) ;\stopstaticMPfigure \starttext Circle centered \usestaticMPfigure[center[Category:Graphics][width=1cm] at origin with radius\usestaticMPfigure[radius][width=1cm] $r=1\,\text{cm}$. \stoptext</texcode> * '''center''' and '''radius''' above are ''labels'' that are used to access the figure.* {{cmd|usestaticMPfigure}} takes the first argument as the ''label'' of the figure to be inserted. The second argument has the same options as the second argument of {{cmd|externalfigure}}* To force the figure files to be regenerated, remove all the <code>*.mp.md5</code> files from the current directory.==Transparent colors in figures== You can use transparent colors! For exampleCategory: <texcode>\runMPgraphicstrue\setupcolors[state=startMetapost]\starttext\startreusableMPgraphic{a}fill unitsquare scaled 1cm withcolor yellow;fill unitsquare shifted (0.5,0.5) scaled 1cm withcolor transparent(1,0.5,red);\stopreusableMPgraphic \placefigure[force,none]{}{\reuseMPgraphic{a}}\stoptext</texcode> If you see black squares rather than a yellow one underneath a partially transparent red one, then you probably hit the 'missing specials' problem diagnosed by Taco (ntg-context list, 23 Sep 2006 22:00:42 +0200): <pre>This all sounds like the 'missing specials' problem that is causedby conflicting -progname= arguments when using the web2c versionof MetaPost. Make sure you do not have conflicting memory settings for both main_memory.mpostas well as main_memory.metafun The best is to remove all trace of '.mpost' and '.metafun' memorysettings from your texmf.cnf, but at least make sure all the'.mpost' and 'metafun' values are the same . Then regenerate metafun using texexec --make, and all should bewell again.</pre>
And indeed it fixed it for me (Sanjoy). These were the memory setting in the ''/etc/texmf/texmf.d/95NonPath.cnf''
configlet that is part of Debian and Ubuntu distributions of TeX:
<pre>main_memory = 1000000 % words of inimemory available; {{MetaPost see also applies to inimf&mpmain_memory.context = 1500000main_memory.mpost = 1500000</pre> I commented out the .mpost line (there was no separate metafun line,which I guess instead used the main_memory value of 1000000),regenerated ''/etc/texmf/texmf.cnf'' with ''update-texmf'' (as root), then regenerated metafun with ''texexec --make metafun'' (as me) and transparency worked. [[Category:Graphics]]}}[[Category:{{Metapost]]navbox}}
fix pragma links & typos
; {{cmd|startMPcode}}: When reusing a graphic is not important, you can simply use {{cmd|startMPcode}}.
; {{cmd|startMPenvironmentstartstaticMPfigure}} is , {{cmd|usestaticMPfigure}}: The {{cmd|startuseMPgraphic}} series of commands were designed for using MetaPost for drawing fancy frames and backgrounds and not for using <i>stand-alone</i> graphics for a document. {{cmd|startstaticMPfigure}} creates a '''deprecated''' evironment in which one could place settings that one only wanted to apply in separate pdf file containing the MetaPost environment, but not graphic. This pdf can be included in the document itself. One should use using {{cmd|defineMPinstanceusestaticMPfigure}} and . ConTeXt is clever enough to recompile the resulting MetaPost file only if something inside the {{cmd|setupMPinstancestartstaticMPfigure}}, insteadhas changed.
