Difference between revisions of "Math/basic"
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|{{cmd|Omega}}||<context>$\Omega$</context> | |{{cmd|Omega}}||<context>$\Omega$</context> | ||
|} | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | =Subscript and superscript= | ||
+ | |||
+ | TeX uses <code>^</code> and <code>_</code> to denote superscipts and subscipts. It is perhaps easiest to explain this by means of some examples. <context>\setuplayout[scale=0.8]$x_{10}^{15}$</context> is written as <code>$x_{10}^{15}$</code> or <code>$x^{15}_{10}$</code>. The order in which <code>_</code> and <code>^</code> are given does not matter. One can also type complicated expressions like <context>\setuplayout[scale=0.8]$a_{b_{c_{d_{e}}}}$</context> as <code>$a_{b_{c_{d_{e}}}}$</code>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | To align superscripts and subscripts one after the other (not above/below each other), add empty braces <code>{}</code> after each of them as <code>$T^a{}_b{}^c{}$</code> to obtain <context>\setuplayout[scale=0.8]$T^a{}_b{}^c{}$</context>. This effectively adds each index as superscript/subscript of the empty braces rather than the main character, thus aligning them separately and avoiding double superscript errors. | ||
+ | |||
+ | =List of All Math macros= | ||
+ | |||
+ | With <code>\usemodule[fnt-25]</code>, {{cmd|showmathfontcharacters}} produces a lengthy annotated catalogue. | ||
+ | Here is the first page: | ||
+ | |||
+ | <context width="13cm"> | ||
+ | \setuplayout[scale=0.8,width=13cm] | ||
+ | \usemodule[fnt-25] | ||
+ | \starttext | ||
+ | \showmathfontcharacters | ||
+ | \stoptext | ||
+ | </context> | ||
+ | |||
+ | In ConTeXt MkII, you can see the list of all math macros by {{cmd|showmathcharacters}}. | ||
+ | |||
= Spacing= | = Spacing= | ||
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\setupmathematics | \setupmathematics | ||
[setups=math:morespacing] | [setups=math:morespacing] | ||
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[[Category:Math]] | [[Category:Math]] |
Latest revision as of 20:09, 12 May 2024
Contents
Binary Operators Relations
Basic binary symbols can be produced by typing the correspoding keyboard character. These include
+ - = < >
A general expressions can be input in the natural manner. For example $x+y$
gives . Notice that TeX took care of the spacing around
+
. Mathematicians use a lot of symbols that are not avialable on the keyboard. TeX (and ConTeXt) provide macros to input them. For example $x \times y$
gives . The following is a parial list of frequently used binary operators and relations.
Commonly Used Binary Operators | Commonly used relation symbols | Set Relations | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
\pm | ![]() |
\leq | ![]() |
\subset | ![]() |
\mp | ![]() |
\ll | ![]() |
\subseteq | ![]() |
\times | ![]() |
\geq | ![]() |
\supset | ![]() |
\div | ![]() |
\gg | ![]() |
\supseteq | ![]() |
\ast | ![]() |
\equiv | ![]() |
\cap | ![]() |
\star | ![]() |
\sim | ![]() |
\cup | ![]() |
\bullet | ![]() |
\simeq | ![]() |
\in |
![]() |
\circ | ![]() |
\approx | ![]() | ||
\cdot | ![]() |
\neq | ![]() |
Sums, products, integrals
Sums with \sum
\setupbodyfont[14pt] \framed[frame=off,align=normal]{% \m{\sum_{k = 0}^{j + n} a_k = e^{a + b - c}} \blank[small] \dm{\sum_{k = 0}^{j + n} a_k = e^{a + b - c}}}
Products with \prod
\setupbodyfont[14pt] \framed[frame=off,align=normal]{% \m{\prod_{i=a}^{b} f(i)} \blank[small] \dm{\prod_{i=a}^{b} f(i)}}
Integrals with \int
\setupbodyfont[14pt] \framed[frame=off,align=normal]{% \m{\int_a^b f(x) \dd x } \blank[small] \dm{\int_a^b f(x) \dd x } \blank[small] \setupmathematics[differentiald=upright] \dm{\int_a^b f(x) \dd x } \blank[small] }
Greek Letters
To type the greek character α you can say $\alpha$
which gives . If you have a utf enabled keyboard, you can also type the α directly and ConTeXt will correctly interpret it. For example,
\enableregime[utf] Here is some Greek math $α^2 + β^2 = γ^2$
Here is a complete list of greek letters
lowercase greek letters | variation | uppercase greek letters | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
\alpha | ![]() | ||||
\beta | ![]() | ||||
\gamma | ![]() |
\Gamma | ![]() | ||
\delta | ![]() |
\Delta | ![]() | ||
\epsilon | ![]() |
\varepsilon | ![]() | ||
\zeta | ![]() | ||||
\eta | ![]() | ||||
\theta | ![]() |
\vartheta | ![]() |
\Theta | ![]() |
\iota | ![]() | ||||
\kappa | ![]() | ||||
\lambda | ![]() |
\Lambda | ![]() | ||
\mu | ![]() | ||||
\nu | ![]() | ||||
\xi | ![]() |
\Xi | ![]() | ||
\omicron | ![]() | ||||
\pi | ![]() |
\varpi | ![]() |
\Pi | ![]() |
\rho | ![]() |
\varrho | ![]() | ||
\sigma | ![]() |
\varsigma | ![]() |
\Sigma | ![]() |
\tau | ![]() | ||||
\upsilon | ![]() |
\Upsilon | ![]() | ||
\phi | ![]() |
\Phi | ![]() | ||
\chi | ![]() | ||||
\psi | ![]() |
\Psi | ![]() | ||
\omega | ![]() |
\Omega | ![]() |
Subscript and superscript
TeX uses ^
and _
to denote superscipts and subscipts. It is perhaps easiest to explain this by means of some examples. is written as
$x_{10}^{15}$
or $x^{15}_{10}$
. The order in which _
and ^
are given does not matter. One can also type complicated expressions like as
$a_{b_{c_{d_{e}}}}$
.
To align superscripts and subscripts one after the other (not above/below each other), add empty braces {}
after each of them as $T^a{}_b{}^c{}$
to obtain . This effectively adds each index as superscript/subscript of the empty braces rather than the main character, thus aligning them separately and avoiding double superscript errors.
List of All Math macros
With \usemodule[fnt-25]
, \showmathfontcharacters produces a lengthy annotated catalogue.
Here is the first page:
In ConTeXt MkII, you can see the list of all math macros by \showmathcharacters.
Spacing
TeX handles math spacing by breaking a formula into parts, and assigning each of those parts a role such as 'Ord' (a variable or number) or 'Rel' (equality, larger than, et cetera). For each combination of roles, it then looks up the spacing appropriate between them in a table. These are the roles:
Ord | e.g. 4 or a or x2 |
Op | Unary operators such as sin or ln. |
Bin | Binary operators such as '+' |
Rel | Relationships such as '=' or '>' or '\implies' |
Open | open brackets of any kind |
Close | closing brackets of any kind |
Punct | Punctuation: digit separators like '.' or ','. |
Inner | Fractions are inner. What else is inner? |
To set up e.g. the spacing between ordinal items, do as follows (since dec 2012):
\startsetups math:morespacing \ordordspacing\textstyle 1mu plus .5mu minus .25mu\relax \stopsetups
\setupmathematics [setups=math:morespacing]