Difference between revisions of "Math"

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< [[Main Page]] | [[Math with newmat]] | [[MathML]] | [[Math_structures]]>
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= Introduction =
−
 
 
−
== Introduction ==
 
  
 
TeX was designed for ease of typesetting books that contained mathematics. As ConTeXt is built on top of TeX, it inherits all those features. In addition to these, ConTeXt adds lot of macros to make the typesetting of mathematics easier.
 
TeX was designed for ease of typesetting books that contained mathematics. As ConTeXt is built on top of TeX, it inherits all those features. In addition to these, ConTeXt adds lot of macros to make the typesetting of mathematics easier.
  
−
For typesetting of mathematics follows different rules than that of normal text, TeX uses something called "math mode" where some characters get a different meaning to enable a simple syntax for complicated formulas.
+
There are '''two''' kinds of '''math modes''' --- '''inline math and display math'''. Mathematical expressions that are written with the running text are called inline math; while mathematical expressions that break the flow of the text (such as formulas or equations) are called display math. TeX takes care of proper spacing around expressions and provides macros to typeset most mathematical constructs.
−
 
+
Complicated expressions can be built by working in steps---break down the expression into sub-expressions, build the sub-expressions and then combine them to get the complicated expression.
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==Simple Math==
 
−
 
 
−
Typesetting mathematics can be divided into two parts, '''inline''' math (mathematical formulas set within ordinary paragraphs as part of the text) and '''display''' math mathematics set on lines by themselves, often with equation numbers). Inline math consists of maths that is typed in a sentence. For example
 
−
 
 
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<context>
 
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\setuplayout[scale=0.8,width=13cm]
 
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Pythagoras formula, stating \mathematics{a^2 + b^2 = c^2} was one of the first trigonometric results
 
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</context>
 
−
 
 
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There are two ways of typing inline math. The TeX way is to surround what you want to type within <code>$</code>...<code>$</code>. Thus, the above will be typed as
 
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<texcode>
 
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Pythagoras formula, stating $a^2 + b^2 = c^2$ was one of the first trigonometric results
 
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</texcode>
 
−
 
 
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ConTeXt also provides an alternative way of typing the same result. Instead of dollars, you can write the material for maths inside <cmd>mathematics</cmd> or <cmd>math</cmd> (which is shorter). Thus, an alternate way to type the above is,
 
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<texcode>
 
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Pythagoras formula, stating \mathematics{a^2 + b^2 = c^2} was one of the first trigonometric results
 
−
</texcode>
 
  
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Choose the method that suits your style.
+
The basics of typesetting math in ConTeXt is explained here.
  
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Display math is enclosed in a <cmd>startformula</cmd> / <cmd>stopformula</cmd> pair. Thus
+
== Display math mode ==
  
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<table width="100%" cols="2"><tr valign="top"><td width="50%">
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Type {{cmd|startformula}} to get display math mode, or {{cmd|dm}} to get a inline typesetting but keeping display sizing and rules.
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<texcode>
 
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The famous result (once more) is given by
 
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\startformula
 
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c^2 = a^2 + b^2.
 
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\stopformula
 
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</texcode>
 
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</td><td>
 
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This, when typeset, produces the following:
 
  
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<context>
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<context source="yes">
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\setuplayout[scale=0.8,width=8cm]
 
 
The famous result (once more) is given by
 
The famous result (once more) is given by
 
\startformula
 
\startformula
 
c^2 = a^2 + b^2.
 
c^2 = a^2 + b^2.
 
\stopformula
 
\stopformula
−
</context>
 
−
</td></tr></table>
 
−
 
−
== Numbering Formulae ==
 
−
 
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ConTeXt provides an easy way to number the display maths equations. Simply, put <cmd>placeformula</cmd> before  <cmd>startformula</cmd> / <cmd>stopformula</cmd> pair and you will get numbered equations. Thus,
 
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<table width="100%" cols="2"><tr valign="top"><td width="50%">
 
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<texcode>
 
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The famous result (once more) is given by
 
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\placeformula
 
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\startformula
 
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c^2 = a^2 + b^2.
 
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\stopformula
 
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</texcode>
 
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</td><td>
 
−
This, when typeset, produces the following:
 
−
 
−
<context>
 
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\setuplayout[scale=0.8,width=8cm]
 
−
The famous result (once more) is given by
 
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\placeformula
 
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\startformula
 
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c^2 = a^2 + b^2.
 
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\stopformula
 
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</context>
 
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</td></tr></table>
 
−
 
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The <cmd>placeformula</cmd> command is optional, and produces the equation number; leaving it off produces an unnumbered equation.
 
−
 
−
=== Changing format of numbers ===
 
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You can use <cmd>setupformulas</cmd> to change the format of numbers. For example to get bold numbers inside square brackets use
 
−
 
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<table width="100%" cols="2"><tr valign="top"><td width="50%">
 
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<texcode>
 
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\setupformulas[left={[},right={]},numberstyle=bold]
 
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</texcode>
 
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</td>
 
−
 
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<td>which gives
 
−
 
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<context>
 
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\setuplayout[scale=0.8,width=8cm]
 
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\setupformulas[left={[},right={]},numberstyle=bold]
 
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The famous result (once more) is given by
 
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\placeformula
 
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\startformula
 
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c^2 = a^2 + b^2.
 
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\stopformula
 
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</context>
 
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</td></tr></table>
 
−
 
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To get alphabets instead of numbers, use
 
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<table width="100%" cols="2"><tr valign="top"><td width="50%">
 
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<texcode>
 
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\setupformulas[conversion=Character]
 
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</texcode>
 
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</td>
 
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<td>which gives
 
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<context>
 
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\setuplayout[scale=0.8,width=8cm]
 
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\setupformulas[conversion=Character]
 
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\placeformula
 
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\startformula
 
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c^2 = a^2 + b^2
 
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\stopformula
 
−
</context>
 
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</td></tr></table>
 
−
 
−
== Not so Simple Maths ==
 
−
 
−
ConTeXt's base mathematics support is built on the mathematics support in plain TeX, thus allowing quite complicated formulas.  (There are also some additional macros, such as the <cmd>text</cmd> command for text-mode notes within math.)  For instance:
 
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<texcode>
 
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A more complicated equation:
 
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\placeformula
 
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\startformula
 
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{{\theta_{\text{\CONTEXT}}}^2 \over x+2}
 
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= \pmatrix{a_{11}&a_{12}&\ldots&a_{1n}\cr
 
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            a_{21}&a_{22}&\ldots&a_{2n}\cr
 
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            \vdots&\vdots&\ddots&\vdots\cr
 
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            a_{n1}&a_{n2}&\ldots&a_{nn}\cr}
 
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  \pmatrix{b_1 \cr b_2 \cr \vdots \cr b_n}
 
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+ \sum_{j=1}^\infty z^j
 
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  \left( \sum_{\scriptstyle n=1 \atop \scriptstyle n \ne j}^\infty Z_j^n \right)
 
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\stopformula
 
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</texcode>
 
−
 
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which produces
 
−
 
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<context>
 
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\setuplayout[scale=0.8,width=13cm]
 
−
A more complicated equation:
 
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\placeformula
 
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\startformula
 
−
{{\theta_{\text{\CONTEXT}}}^2 \over x+2}
 
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= \pmatrix{a_{11}&a_{12}&\ldots&a_{1n}\cr
 
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            a_{21}&a_{22}&\ldots&a_{2n}\cr
 
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            \vdots&\vdots&\ddots&\vdots\cr
 
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            a_{n1}&a_{n2}&\ldots&a_{nn}\cr}
 
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  \pmatrix{b_1 \cr b_2 \cr \vdots \cr b_n}
 
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+ \sum_{j=1}^\infty z^j
 
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  \left( \sum_{\scriptstyle n=1 \atop \scriptstyle n \ne j}^\infty Z_j^n \right)
 
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\stopformula
 
−
</context>
 
  
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Context provides a wrapper around tex <cmd>pmatrix</cmd>. The above can be typeset in a contextish way as
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\dm{c^2 = a^2 + b^2}
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<texcode>
 
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A more complicated equation:
 
−
\definemathmatrix[pmatrix][left={\left(\,},right={\,\right)}]
 
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\placeformula
 
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\startformula
 
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{{\theta_{\text{\CONTEXT}}}^2 \over x+2}
 
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= \startpmatrix
 
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\NC a_{11} \NC a_{12} \NC \ldots \NC a_{1n} \NR
 
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\NC a_{21} \NC a_{22} \NC \ldots \NC a_{2n} \NR
 
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\NC \vdots \NC \vdots \NC \ddots \NC \vdots \NR
 
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\NC a_{n1} \NC a_{n2} \NC \ldots \NC a_{nn} \NR
 
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\stoppmatrix
 
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\startpmatrix  b_1 \NR b_2 \NR \vdots \NR b_n \NR \stoppmatrix
 
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+ \sum_{j=1}^\infty z^j
 
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\left( \sum_{\scriptstyle n = 1 \atop \scriptstyle n \ne j}^\infty Z_j^n \right)
 
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\stopformula
 
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</texcode>
 
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<context>
 
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\setuplayout[scale=0.8,width=13cm]
 
−
A more complicated equation:
 
−
\definemathmatrix[pmatrix][left={\left(\,},right={\,\right)}]
 
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\placeformula
 
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\startformula
 
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{{\theta_{\text{\CONTEXT}}}^2 \over x+2}
 
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= \startpmatrix
 
−
\NC a_{11} \NC a_{12} \NC \ldots \NC a_{1n} \NR
 
−
\NC a_{21} \NC a_{22} \NC \ldots \NC a_{2n} \NR
 
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\NC \vdots \NC \vdots \NC \ddots \NC \vdots \NR
 
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\NC a_{n1} \NC a_{n2} \NC \ldots \NC a_{nn} \NR
 
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\stoppmatrix
 
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\startpmatrix  b_1 \NR b_2 \NR \vdots \NR b_n \NR \stoppmatrix
 
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+ \sum_{j=1}^\infty z^j
 
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\left( \sum_{\scriptstyle n = 1 \atop \scriptstyle n \ne j}^\infty Z_j^n \right)
 
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\stopformula
 
 
</context>
 
</context>
  
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[http://www.pragma-ade.com/texmath.html Here] you can try it "live" (you must go to [http://www.pragma-ade.com/exalogin login] first).
+
== Inline math mode ==
−
 
 
−
[[MathAlignment]] is covered on a separate page.
 
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==Sub-Formula Numbering==
 
−
 
 
−
As mentioned above, formulas can be numbered using the <cmd>placeformula</cmd> command.  This (and the related <cmd>placesubformula</cmd> command have an optional argument which can be used to produce sub-formula numbering.  For example:
 
  
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<table width="100%" cols="2"><tr valign="top"><td width="50%">
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There are four equivalent commands to get inline math mode: {{cmd|$}}, {{cmd|m}}, {{cmd|math}}, {{cmd|mathematics}} to get display inline math mode.
−
<texcode>
 
−
Examples:
 
−
\placeformula{a}
 
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\startformula
 
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c^2 = a^2 + b^2
 
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\stopformula
 
  
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\placesubformula{b}
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<context source="yes">
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\startformula
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\framed[align=normal,frame=off]{%
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c^2 = a^2 + b^2
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The famous result (once more) is given by $ c^2 = a^2 + b^2 $.\par        % TeX style.
−
\stopformula
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The famous result (once more) is given by \m{c^2 = a^2 + b^2}.\par           
−
</texcode>
+
The famous result (once more) is given by \math{c^2 = a^2 + b^2}.\par       
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</td><td>
+
The famous result (once more) is given by \mathematics{c^2 = a^2 + b^2}.}
−
<context>
 
−
\setuplayout[scale=0.8,width=8cm]
 
−
Examples:
 
−
\placeformula{a}
 
−
\startformula
 
−
c^2 = a^2 + b^2
 
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\stopformula
 
−
 
 
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\placesubformula{b}
 
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\startformula
 
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c^2 = a^2 + b^2
 
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\stopformula
 
 
</context>
 
</context>
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</td></tr></table>
 
  
−
What's going on here is simpler than it might appear at first glance.  Both <cmd>placeformula</cmd> and <cmd>placesubformula</cmd> produce equation numbers with the optional tag added at the end; the sole difference is that the former increments the equation number first, while the latter does not (and thus can be used for the second and subsequent formulas that use the same formula number but presumably have different tags).
 
  
−
This is sufficient for cases where the standard ConTeXt equation numbers suffice, and where only one equation number is needed per formula.  However, there are many cases where this is insufficient, and <cmd>placeformula</cmd> defines <cmd>formulanumber</cmd> and <cmd>subformulanumber</cmd> commands, which provide hooks to allow the use of ConTeXt-managed formula numbers with plain TeX equation numbering.  These, when used within a formula, simply return the formula number in properly formatted form, as can be seen in this simple example with plain TeX's <cmd>eqno</cmd>. Note that the optional tag is inherited from <cmd>placeformula</cmd>.
+
For examples
 +
<code>$x$</code> gives <context>\setuplayout[scale=0.8]$x$</context>, while
 +
<code>$2$</code> gives <context>\setuplayout[scale=0.8]$2$</context>.
 +
Notice that the ''x'' is in italic while the ''2'' is upright. This is the usual mathematic convention.
  
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<table width="100%" cols="2"><tr valign="top"><td width="50%">
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= Formula, formulae, equations =
−
<texcode>
 
−
More examples:
 
−
\placeformula{c}
 
−
\startformula
 
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\let\doplaceformulanumber\empty
 
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c^2 = a^2 + b^2  \eqno{\formulanumber}
 
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\stopformula
 
−
</texcode>
 
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</td><td>
 
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<context>
 
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\setuplayout[scale=0.8,width=8cm]
 
−
More examples:
 
−
\placeformula{c}
 
−
\startformula
 
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\let\doplaceformulanumber\empty
 
−
c^2 = a^2 + b^2  \eqno{\formulanumber}
 
−
\stopformula
 
−
</context>
 
−
</td></tr></table>
 
  
−
In order for this to work properly, we need to turn off ConTeXt's automatic formula number placement; thus the <cmd>let</cmd> command to empty <cmd>doplaceformulanumber</cmd>, which must be placed <em>after</em> the start of the formula.  In many practical examples, however, this is not necessary; ConTeXt redefines <cmd>displaylines</cmd> and <cmd>eqalignno</cmd> to do this automatically.
+
* '''[[Math/Display | Math display]]'''
 +
** numbering
 +
** referencing
 +
** sub-formulae
 +
** list of Formulae
 +
** formating
 +
* '''[[Math/Multiline_equations | Multiline equations]]'''
 +
** alignment
 +
** number of columns
 +
** equation numbering and sub-numbering
 +
** formating, specifying and defining alignment
 +
** cases
 +
* '''[[Math/Matrices| Matrices]]'''
 +
** definition
 +
** delimiters
 +
** block matrices and vertical/ horizontal lines
 +
** border matrices
  
−
For more control over sub-formula numbering, <cmd>formulanumber</cmd> and <cmd>subformulanumber</cmd> have an optional argument parallel to that of <cmd>placeformula</cmd>, as demonstrated in this use of plain TeX's <cmd>eqalignno</cmd>, which places multiple equation numbers within one formula.
+
= Typesetting Math =
  
−
<table width="100%" cols="2"><tr valign="top"><td width="50%">
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* '''[[Math/basic | Math glyphs]]'''
−
<texcode>
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** Binary Operators Relations
−
Yet more examples:
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** Sums, products and integrals. A specific page is for [[Product integral]]
−
\placeformula
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** Greek Letters
−
\startformula
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** Subscript and superscript
−
\eqalignno{c^2 &= a^2 + b^2  &\formulanumber{a} \cr
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** List of all math macros
−
          a^2 + b^2 &= c^2  &\subformulanumber{b} \cr
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* '''[[Math/functions]]''' (typesetting of usual functions, and defining new ones)
−
          d^2 &= e^2        &\formulanumber\cr}
+
* '''[[Math/Vectors]]'''
−
\stopformula
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* '''[[Math/stackers]]'''
−
</texcode>
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** how to stack some characters over another one (and accent)
−
</td><td>
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** underbrace and overbrace
−
<context>
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* '''[[Math/Fonts]]'''
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\setuplayout[scale=0.8,width=8cm]
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** [[math calligraphic]] seems to be old content
−
Yet more examples:
+
* '''[[Math/fractions | Math/Fractions and binomials]]'''
−
\placeformula
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* '''[[Math/Delimiters]]'''
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\startformula
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* '''Formatting numbers with {{cmd|digits}}''', and its manual <i>[http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/magazines/mag-0003.pdf Pasting digits together (2003)]</i>. Don't forget the [http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/manuals/units-mkiv.pdf Units manual (2020)]
−
\eqalignno{c^2 &= a^2 + b^2  &\formulanumber{a} \cr
 
−
          a^2 + b^2 &= c^2  &\subformulanumber{b} \cr
 
−
          d^2 &= e^2        &\formulanumber\cr}
 
−
\stopformula
 
−
</context>
 
−
</td></tr></table>
 
−
 
 
−
Note that both <cmd>formulanumber</cmd> and <cmd>subformulanumber</cmd> can be used within the same formula, and the formula number is incremented as expected. Also, if an optional argument is specified in both <cmd>placefigure</cmd> and <cmd>formulanumber</cmd>, the latter takes precedence.
 
−
 
 
−
<table width="100%" cols="2"><tr valign="top"><td width="50%">
 
−
<texcode>
 
−
More examples for left-located equation number:
 
−
\setupformulas[location=left]
 
−
\placeformula{d}
 
−
\startformula
 
−
\let\doplaceformulanumber\empty
 
−
c^2 = a^2 + b^2  \leqno{\formulanumber}
 
−
\stopformula
 
−
and
 
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\placeformula
 
−
\startformula
 
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\leqalignno{c^2 &= a^2 + b^2  &\formulanumber{a} \cr
 
−
          a^2 + b^2 &= c^2  &\subformulanumber{b} \cr
 
−
          d^2 &= e^2        &\formulanumber\cr}
 
−
\stopformula
 
−
</texcode>
 
−
</td><td>
 
−
<context>
 
−
\setuplayout[scale=0.8,width=8cm]
 
−
More examples for left-located equation no.:
 
−
\setupformulas[location=left]
 
−
\placeformula{d}
 
−
\startformula
 
−
\let\doplaceformulanumber\empty
 
−
c^2 = a^2 + b^2  \leqno{\formulanumber}
 
−
\stopformula
 
−
and
 
−
\placeformula
 
−
\startformula
 
−
\leqalignno{c^2 &= a^2 + b^2  &\formulanumber{a} \cr
 
−
          a^2 + b^2 &= c^2  &\subformulanumber{b} \cr
 
−
          d^2 &= e^2        &\formulanumber\cr}
 
−
\stopformula
 
−
</context>
 
−
</td></tr></table>
 
  
−
-- 23:46, 15 Aug 2005 (CEST) Prinse Wang
+
= Plotting =
−
==List of Formulas==
 
  
−
You can have a list of the formulas contained in a document by using <cmd>placenamedformula</cmd> instead of <cmd>placeformula</cmd>. Only the formulas written with <cmd>placenamedformula</cmd> are not put in the list, so that you can control precisely the content of the list.
+
* [http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/manuals/luametafun.pdf LuaMetafun manual] (2021)
 +
** [http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/manuals/luametafun.pdf#page=30 Contours]
 +
** [http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/manuals/luametafun.pdf#page=41 Surfaces]
 +
** [http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/manuals/luametafun.pdf#page=44 Meshes]
 +
** [http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/manuals/luametafun.pdf#page=48 Functions]
 +
** [http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/manuals/luametafun.pdf#page=54 Charts]
 +
* [https://akela.mendelu.cz/~thala/statcharts/ The New (2020) graph module]
 +
** with its dedicated [https://akela.mendelu.cz/~thala/statcharts/statistical-charts.pdf manual "Drawing Statistical Charts"]
 +
** and a [https://meeting.contextgarden.net/2020/talks/2020-09-11-tamara-and-adriana-statistical-charts/AK-TK_charts.pdf short presentation]
 +
* Data plotting with [[MPgraph|module graph]].
 +
* Some alternatives:
 +
** [[TikZ]] (2016)
 +
** [[Gnuplot]] (2012)
 +
** [[Pgfplot]] (2009).
  
−
<cmd>placenamedformula</cmd> takes as first parameter the name of the formula put in the list. The other <cmd>placeformula</cmd> features are still available. The list can be formatted like any other list.
+
= Key links =
  
−
Example:
 
−
<texcode>
 
−
\subsubject{List of Formulas}
 
−
\placelist[formula][criterium=text,alternative=c]
 
−
 
−
\subsubject{Formulas}
 
−
\placenamedformula[one]{First listed Formula}
 
−
\startformula a = 1 \stopformula \endgraf
 
  
−
\placeformula
+
* '''[http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/manuals/math-mkiv.pdf <i>Math rendering</i>] manual (2018)'''
−
\startformula a = 2 \stopformula \endgraf
+
* '''from Mikael P. Sundqvist'''
 +
** 2022 — TUG — <i>Pushing math forward with luametatex and ConTeXt</i>
 +
*** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WuRa4cnXK-I video]
 +
*** [https://tug.org/tug2022/assets/served/Mikael_P._Sundqvist-TUG2022-sundqvist-lmtx-math-slides.pdf slides]
 +
*** [https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb43-2/tb134hagen-math.pdf article] (TUGboat, Volume 43 (2022), No. 2)
 +
** [https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb43-3/tb135hagen-mathchange.pdf 2022 — TUG — <i>New directions in math fonts</i> (TUGboat, Volume 43 (2022), No. 2)] .
 +
* '''from Aditya Mahajan'''
 +
** [https://wiki.contextgarden.net/images/archive/b/b4/20100530075041!Mathalign.pdf 2010 - <i>Using \startalign and friends</i>]  (My Way article)
 +
** [https://meeting.contextgarden.net/2008/talks/2008-08-24-aditya-display-math/presentation.pdf 2008 - <i>Display Math in Formula - Where is it and where can it go</i>] (presentation)
 +
** [https://www.ntg.nl/maps/34/06.pdf 2006 - <i>Display Math in ConTeXt</i>, MAPS <b>34</b>, 22–34.], ConTEXt rehab for amsmath addicts (article)
  
−
\placenamedformula{Second listed Formula}{b}
+
= Notes =
−
\startformula a = 3 \stopformula \endgraf
 
−
</texcode>
 
  
−
Gives:
+
==Evaluating expressions in ConTeXt==
 +
See also [[Expressions]] (i.e. ''doing'' math).
  
−
<context>
+
== Note to Plain TeX Users ==
−
\setuplayout[scale=0.8,width=13cm]
+
ConTeXt is plain TeX compatible. So, if you have any old document written in plain TeX, it will work with ConTeXt. This does not mean that you will get pixel by pixel identical output with ConTeXt. For inline math, everything that you learnt for plain TeX is also true for ConTeXt. However, display math is significantly different. '''Do not use <code>$$ .... $$</code>''' to write display math formulas in ConTeXt, since you will not get the correct spacing around the formulas. Instead use {{cmd|startformula}} and <tt>\stopformula</tt>.
−
\subsubject{List of Formulas}
 
−
\placelist[formula][criterium=text,alternative=c]
 
−
 
−
\subsubject{Formulas}
 
−
\placenamedformula[one]{First listed Formula}
 
−
\startformula a = 1 \stopformula \endgraf
 
  
−
\placeformula
+
== Note to AMSTeX/LaTeX Users ==
−
\startformula a = 2 \stopformula \endgraf
+
ConTeXt offers almost all the features that are present in AMSTeX and LaTeX. However, ConTeXt syntax is different. See this [http://dl.contextgarden.net/myway/context-latex-math.pdf My Way] for how to 'translate' from amsmath syntax to ConTeXt syntax. [[LaTeX_Math_in_ConTeXt]] gives some brief ideas on how to get the LaTeX syntax to run in ConTeXt.
−
 
 
−
\placenamedformula{Second listed Formula}{b}
 
−
\startformula a = 3 \stopformula \endgraf
 
−
</context>
 
  
 
== Other Methods ==
 
== Other Methods ==
−
* There are two different math modules on [http://dante.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/context/contrib/maths/ CTAN], [[Math with nath|nath]] and [[Math with amsl|amsl]]. And there's a [[Math with newmat|new math]] module in the distribution.
+
* The "native" ConTeXt way of math is [[MathML]], an application of [[XML]] - rather verbose but mighty.
−
* Context now has inbuilt support for [[Math_structures]]
+
* There are two different math modules on [http://dante.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/context/contrib/maths/ CTAN], [[Math with nath|nath]] and [[Math with amsl|amsl]]. And there's a [[Math with newmat|new math module]] in the distribution.
 
* It is also possible to use most [[LaTeX Math in ConTeXt|LaTeX equations in ConTeXt]] with a relatively small set of supporting definitions.
 
* It is also possible to use most [[LaTeX Math in ConTeXt|LaTeX equations in ConTeXt]] with a relatively small set of supporting definitions.
−
* The "native" ConTeXt way of math is [[MathML]], an application of [[XML]] - rather verbose but mighty.
 
−
 
−
==Number Formatting==
 
−
There's a special command, <cmd>digits</cmd>, and a own manual about formatting numbers, see [http://www.pragma-ade.com/general/magazines/mag-0003.pdf Pasting digits together]
 
−
 
−
==Math [[Fonts]]==
 
−
* [[Bold Math]]
 
−
* [http://homepage.mac.com/atl/tex/EulerContext.pdf Euler in ConTeXt (using Euler math font)] by Adam Lindsay
 
−
* [[rsfs]] Using Ralph Smith's Formal Script
 
  
−
==Science==
+
== To do ==
−
* Esp. for physics there’s the [[units]] module.
+
* dots
−
* Additions to [[MathML]] are PhysML and ChemML.
+
* Arrows (see [http://dl.contextgarden.net/myway/matharrows.pdf Math Arrows]) broken link
−
* [[Chemistry]]
+
{{todo|}}
−
* There's a module for chemical structure formulae: [[Chemistry|PPCHTeX]] (works also with LaTeX).
 
  
 
[[Category:Math]]
 
[[Category:Math]]

Latest revision as of 20:41, 12 May 2024

Introduction

TeX was designed for ease of typesetting books that contained mathematics. As ConTeXt is built on top of TeX, it inherits all those features. In addition to these, ConTeXt adds lot of macros to make the typesetting of mathematics easier.

There are two kinds of math modes --- inline math and display math. Mathematical expressions that are written with the running text are called inline math; while mathematical expressions that break the flow of the text (such as formulas or equations) are called display math. TeX takes care of proper spacing around expressions and provides macros to typeset most mathematical constructs. Complicated expressions can be built by working in steps---break down the expression into sub-expressions, build the sub-expressions and then combine them to get the complicated expression.

The basics of typesetting math in ConTeXt is explained here.

Display math mode

Type \startformula to get display math mode, or \dm to get a inline typesetting but keeping display sizing and rules. 

The famous result (once more) is given by
\startformula
c^2 = a^2 + b^2.
\stopformula

\dm{c^2 = a^2 + b^2}

Inline math mode

There are four equivalent commands to get inline math mode: \$, \m, \math, \mathematics to get display inline math mode. 

\framed[align=normal,frame=off]{%
The famous result (once more) is given by $ c^2 = a^2 + b^2 $.\par         % TeX style.
The famous result (once more) is given by \m{c^2 = a^2 + b^2}.\par            
The famous result (once more) is given by \math{c^2 = a^2 + b^2}.\par         
The famous result (once more) is given by \mathematics{c^2 = a^2 + b^2}.}


For examples $x$ gives , while $2$ gives . Notice that the x is in italic while the 2 is upright. This is the usual mathematic convention.

Formula, formulae, equations

  • Math display
    • numbering
    • referencing
    • sub-formulae
    • list of Formulae
    • formating
  • Multiline equations
    • alignment
    • number of columns
    • equation numbering and sub-numbering
    • formating, specifying and defining alignment
    • cases
  • Matrices
    • definition
    • delimiters
    • block matrices and vertical/ horizontal lines
    • border matrices

Typesetting Math

Plotting

Key links

Notes

Evaluating expressions in ConTeXt

See also Expressions (i.e. doing math).

Note to Plain TeX Users

ConTeXt is plain TeX compatible. So, if you have any old document written in plain TeX, it will work with ConTeXt. This does not mean that you will get pixel by pixel identical output with ConTeXt. For inline math, everything that you learnt for plain TeX is also true for ConTeXt. However, display math is significantly different. Do not use $$ .... $$ to write display math formulas in ConTeXt, since you will not get the correct spacing around the formulas. Instead use \startformula and \stopformula.

Note to AMSTeX/LaTeX Users

ConTeXt offers almost all the features that are present in AMSTeX and LaTeX. However, ConTeXt syntax is different. See this My Way for how to 'translate' from amsmath syntax to ConTeXt syntax. LaTeX_Math_in_ConTeXt gives some brief ideas on how to get the LaTeX syntax to run in ConTeXt.

Other Methods

  • The "native" ConTeXt way of math is MathML, an application of XML - rather verbose but mighty.
  • There are two different math modules on CTAN, nath and amsl. And there's a new math module in the distribution.
  • It is also possible to use most LaTeX equations in ConTeXt with a relatively small set of supporting definitions.

To do


 TODO: (See: To-Do List)
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