Difference between revisions of "Math"
m (→Math [[Fonts]]: Using RSFS) |
m (Text replacement - "pragma-ade.com" to "pragma-ade.nl") |
||
(55 intermediate revisions by 23 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
− | < [[Main Page]] | [[Math with newmat]] | [[MathML]] | [[ | + | < [[Main Page]] | [[Math with newmat]] | [[MathML]] | [[Multiline equations]]> |
== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
Line 5: | Line 5: | ||
TeX was designed for ease of typesetting books that contained mathematics. As ConTeXt is built on top of TeX, it inherits all those features. In addition to these, ConTeXt adds lot of macros to make the typesetting of mathematics easier. | TeX was designed for ease of typesetting books that contained mathematics. As ConTeXt is built on top of TeX, it inherits all those features. In addition to these, ConTeXt adds lot of macros to make the typesetting of mathematics easier. | ||
− | + | There are '''two''' kinds of '''math modes''' --- '''inline math and display math'''. Mathematical expressions that are written with the running text are called inline math; while mathematical expressions that break the flow of the text (such as formulas or equations) are called display math. TeX takes care of proper spacing around expressions and provides macros to typeset most mathematical constructs. | |
+ | Complicated expressions can be built by working in steps---break down the expression into sub-expressions, build the sub-expressions and then combine them to get the complicated expression. | ||
− | + | The basics of typesetting math in ConTeXt is explained here. | |
− | + | === Display math mode === | |
+ | Type | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
<texcode> | <texcode> | ||
− | + | \startformula ... \stopformula | |
− | |||
− | |||
− | \startformula | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | \stopformula | ||
</texcode> | </texcode> | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | + | to get display math mode. | |
− | + | === Inline math mode === | |
+ | There are four equivalent commands to get inline math mode: | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
<texcode> | <texcode> | ||
− | + | $ ... $ % TeX style. | |
− | \ | + | \m{ ... } |
− | \ | + | \math{ ... } |
− | + | \mathematics{ ... } | |
− | \ | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
</texcode> | </texcode> | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | This is | + | === Note to Plain TeX Users === |
+ | ConTeXt is plain TeX compatible. So, if you have any old document written in plain TeX, it will work with ConTeXt. This does not mean that you will get pixel by pixel identical output with ConTeXt. For inline math, everything that you learnt for plain TeX is also true for ConTeXt. However, display math is significantly different. '''Do not use <code>$$ .... $$</code>''' to write display math formulas in ConTeXt, since you will not get the correct spacing around the formulas. Instead use | ||
− | |||
<texcode> | <texcode> | ||
− | + | \startformula ... \stopformula | |
− | |||
− | \startformula | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | \stopformula | ||
</texcode> | </texcode> | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | + | See [[Math/Display]] for more details on how to use display math in ConTeXt. | |
− | + | === Note to AMSTeX/LaTeX Users === | |
+ | ConTeXt offers almost all the features that are present in AMSTeX and LaTeX. However, ConTeXt syntax is different. See this [http://dl.contextgarden.net/myway/context-latex-math.pdf My Way] for how to 'translate' from amsmath syntax to ConTeXt syntax. [[LaTeX_Math_in_ConTeXt]] gives some brief ideas on how to get the LaTeX syntax to run in ConTeXt. | ||
− | + | == The details == | |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | + | === Math symbols === | |
+ | * [[Math/basic | How to input math]] (binary relations, greek letters, subscripts and superscripts) | ||
+ | * Accents | ||
+ | * [[Math/stackers | underbrace]], [[Math/stackers | overbrace]] | ||
+ | * [[Math/fractions | Fractions, Binomials, genfrac, continued fractions.]] | ||
+ | * Delimiters (big, bigg, left, middle, right) | ||
+ | * Integrals and Sums | ||
+ | * ([[Math/functions|Log like]]) functions | ||
+ | * dots | ||
+ | * [[Multiline_equations#Cases|Cases]], matrices, bordermatrix | ||
+ | * Arrows (see [http://dl.contextgarden.net/myway/matharrows.pdf Math Arrows]) | ||
+ | * [[Vectors]] | ||
+ | * [[Product integral]] | ||
− | + | === Display Math === | |
− | + | * [[Math/Display | Formula, formula number]] | |
− | + | * [[Multiline equations]] (see [http://dl.contextgarden.net/myway/mathalign.pdf Using \mathalign and friends]) | |
− | + | * [[Equation alignment]] | |
− | + | * [[Matrix in maths]] | |
− | + | * [[Math spacing]] | |
− | + | * Discussion: [[User_talk:Zenlima | summary of formula numbering problems]] (comment: unverified) | |
− | |||
− | \ | ||
− | and | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | + | Others: | |
+ | * [[math calligraphic]] | ||
+ | * Use [[mathstackers]] in order to define new math commands in which some characters are stacked over another one | ||
+ | * [[\startcases]] | ||
− | + | ==Math Fonts== | |
− | + | ''See [[Math fonts]]'' for the main article about this subject. | |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
== Other Methods == | == Other Methods == | ||
* There are two different math modules on [http://dante.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/context/contrib/maths/ CTAN], [[Math with nath|nath]] and [[Math with amsl|amsl]]. And there's a [[Math with newmat|new math]] module in the distribution. | * There are two different math modules on [http://dante.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/context/contrib/maths/ CTAN], [[Math with nath|nath]] and [[Math with amsl|amsl]]. And there's a [[Math with newmat|new math]] module in the distribution. | ||
− | * Context now has inbuilt support for [[ | + | * Context now has inbuilt support for [[Multiline equations]] |
* It is also possible to use most [[LaTeX Math in ConTeXt|LaTeX equations in ConTeXt]] with a relatively small set of supporting definitions. | * It is also possible to use most [[LaTeX Math in ConTeXt|LaTeX equations in ConTeXt]] with a relatively small set of supporting definitions. | ||
* The "native" ConTeXt way of math is [[MathML]], an application of [[XML]] - rather verbose but mighty. | * The "native" ConTeXt way of math is [[MathML]], an application of [[XML]] - rather verbose but mighty. | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
==Science== | ==Science== | ||
− | * Esp. for physics there’s the [[ | + | * Esp. for physics there’s the [[Units]] module. |
* Additions to [[MathML]] are PhysML and ChemML. | * Additions to [[MathML]] are PhysML and ChemML. | ||
* [[Chemistry]] | * [[Chemistry]] | ||
* There's a module for chemical structure formulae: [[Chemistry|PPCHTeX]] (works also with LaTeX). | * There's a module for chemical structure formulae: [[Chemistry|PPCHTeX]] (works also with LaTeX). | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Number Formatting== | ||
+ | There's a special command, {{cmd|digits}}, with its own manual about formatting numbers, see [http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/magazines/mag-0003.pdf Pasting digits together] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Evaluating expressions in ConTeXt== | ||
+ | (i.e. ''doing'' math) | ||
+ | * See also [[Expressions]]. | ||
[[Category:Math]] | [[Category:Math]] |
Revision as of 08:27, 2 July 2022
< Main Page | Math with newmat | MathML | Multiline equations>
Contents
Introduction
TeX was designed for ease of typesetting books that contained mathematics. As ConTeXt is built on top of TeX, it inherits all those features. In addition to these, ConTeXt adds lot of macros to make the typesetting of mathematics easier.
There are two kinds of math modes --- inline math and display math. Mathematical expressions that are written with the running text are called inline math; while mathematical expressions that break the flow of the text (such as formulas or equations) are called display math. TeX takes care of proper spacing around expressions and provides macros to typeset most mathematical constructs. Complicated expressions can be built by working in steps---break down the expression into sub-expressions, build the sub-expressions and then combine them to get the complicated expression.
The basics of typesetting math in ConTeXt is explained here.
Display math mode
Type
\startformula ... \stopformula
to get display math mode.
Inline math mode
There are four equivalent commands to get inline math mode:
$ ... $ % TeX style. \m{ ... } \math{ ... } \mathematics{ ... }
Note to Plain TeX Users
ConTeXt is plain TeX compatible. So, if you have any old document written in plain TeX, it will work with ConTeXt. This does not mean that you will get pixel by pixel identical output with ConTeXt. For inline math, everything that you learnt for plain TeX is also true for ConTeXt. However, display math is significantly different. Do not use $$ .... $$
to write display math formulas in ConTeXt, since you will not get the correct spacing around the formulas. Instead use
\startformula ... \stopformula
See Math/Display for more details on how to use display math in ConTeXt.
Note to AMSTeX/LaTeX Users
ConTeXt offers almost all the features that are present in AMSTeX and LaTeX. However, ConTeXt syntax is different. See this My Way for how to 'translate' from amsmath syntax to ConTeXt syntax. LaTeX_Math_in_ConTeXt gives some brief ideas on how to get the LaTeX syntax to run in ConTeXt.
The details
Math symbols
- How to input math (binary relations, greek letters, subscripts and superscripts)
- Accents
- underbrace, overbrace
- Fractions, Binomials, genfrac, continued fractions.
- Delimiters (big, bigg, left, middle, right)
- Integrals and Sums
- (Log like) functions
- dots
- Cases, matrices, bordermatrix
- Arrows (see Math Arrows)
- Vectors
- Product integral
Display Math
- Formula, formula number
- Multiline equations (see Using \mathalign and friends)
- Equation alignment
- Matrix in maths
- Math spacing
- Discussion: summary of formula numbering problems (comment: unverified)
Others:
- math calligraphic
- Use mathstackers in order to define new math commands in which some characters are stacked over another one
- \startcases
Math Fonts
See Math fonts for the main article about this subject.
Other Methods
- There are two different math modules on CTAN, nath and amsl. And there's a new math module in the distribution.
- Context now has inbuilt support for Multiline equations
- It is also possible to use most LaTeX equations in ConTeXt with a relatively small set of supporting definitions.
- The "native" ConTeXt way of math is MathML, an application of XML - rather verbose but mighty.
Science
- Esp. for physics there’s the Units module.
- Additions to MathML are PhysML and ChemML.
- Chemistry
- There's a module for chemical structure formulae: PPCHTeX (works also with LaTeX).
Number Formatting
There's a special command, \digits, with its own manual about formatting numbers, see Pasting digits together
Evaluating expressions in ConTeXt
(i.e. doing math)
- See also Expressions.